Cognitive disorders affect the brain’s ability to process and store information. Delirium is a temporary cognitive disorder that can lead to dementia. Amnesia is a disorder where a person cannot retain memories. Mental retardation is a condition where a person has poor cognitive abilities due to developmental delays. It can be caused by various factors and is usually diagnosed in children.
Cognition is the brain’s ability to store and use information. A cognitive disorder refers to any medical condition that affects the way the brain processes and stores information. It can cause memory loss, misperceptions, or a combination of both. These disorders can be genetic, environmental, or caused by an injury.
Delirium is a cognitive disorder that appears in episodes and can be temporary or recurrent. The brain’s ability to process new information or to be aware of its surroundings deteriorates. Hypoactive delirium occurs when a person who is unaware of their surroundings appears to be lethargic or numb, while episodes of hyperactive delirium make a person hostile or aggressive. Mixed delirium is a combination of hypoactive and hyperactive symptoms. The delirium has no definitive cause, although stress, alcohol, or medications can contribute to the episodes.
While delirium is temporary, in some individuals it can eventually develop into dementia. Dementia is an incurable cognitive disorder that typically results in partial or total loss of memory. The disorder also makes learning new information difficult and can inhibit the brain’s ability to assess its surroundings and make judgments. Dementia can be genetic or caused by brain trauma, stroke, or heart valve infection. Alzheimer’s disease is one of the most common forms of dementia and usually affects people over the age of 60.
Amnestic disorder, more commonly called amnesia, is a cognitive disorder in which a person no longer has long-term memories or cannot retain short-term memories. A person with this disorder is usually coherent, unlike other cognitive disorders. Amnestic disorder can be caused by trauma or damage to the brain, such as infections, oxygen loss, or tumors.
One cognitive disorder that can occur in fetuses or young children is mental retardation. It is a condition in which a person has poor cognitive abilities due to developmental delays. He cannot learn new concepts or function on the same level as other people his age. While the severity of mental retardation can vary, many individuals with the condition lack the mental capacity to care for themselves safely.
Mental retardation is usually diagnosed in children and is typically a condition they are born with or develop as infants. It can be caused by a variety of bacterial infections while in the womb or soon after birth. Serious head injuries or nutritional deficiencies can cause mental retardation in a child; however, many cases of mental retardation have no definitive cause.
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