Various compaction systems are used in construction, including small systems for compacting soil, large roller crushers, vibratory plate compactors, trench compactors, and twin drum compactors. Other systems include trash and tire compactors.
Various compaction systems can be used to achieve a multitude of goals: some are designed to compact soil or other particulate matter, while others are used to compress raw materials for storage or transportation. In the construction industry, some compaction systems are small and are used to compact soil or other materials into smaller spaces. Exceptionally large systems feature large rollers that compact materials; these machines are sometimes known as roller crushers or double drum compactors. A single drum compactor will feature a large steel roller and two rubber wheels to push the machine forward.
Vibratory plate compactor systems are commonly used in smaller construction environments to compact soil or other materials. The machine is equipped with a weighted plate which vibrates at high speed to compact materials. A gas or diesel engine is used to power the machine and an operator will walk behind the plate compactor to guide it over the area requiring compaction. This is one of the most commonly used compaction systems on construction sites and the machine can vary in size and function to suit various types of construction jobs.
A trench compactor features a narrow body and rotating steel wheels to achieve compaction. Compaction systems designed for trenches can be remotely controlled so the user does not have to walk behind the machine as it compacts materials. This increases operator safety, as he will not need to enter a trench to operate the machine. The trench compactor can also be used after backfilling the trench; it can be slid over the trench to compact the replaced soil.
Exceptionally large construction projects will require larger compaction systems. Twin drum compactors are large machines often used to prepare the ground before a paving project, as well as to smooth and compact the asphalt once it has been laid. These machines can be equipped with articulated steering for greater maneuverability; they generally move slowly enough to allow for the maximum amount of compaction. A single drum compactor also flattens or compacts materials in much the same way as a double drum compactor, but for more traction, the rear wheels of the machine will be rubber.
Other types of compaction systems are used for specific purposes. A trash compactor, for example, compresses trash inside a container or bin to maximize storage space. A tire compactor compresses rubber tires for packing; a hydraulic arm will press the tires together and bale wire can be used to prevent the tires from decompressing once the hydraulic arm retracts.
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