Various committees and tribunals, both formal and informal, are used to arbitrate disputes between parties. These include church dioceses for religious matters, employment tribunals for workplace disputes, and community tax courts for property tax issues. Military and international courts may also establish tribunals to try cases of alleged criminal behavior.
Religions, communities, and local governments sometimes form committees or tribunals, made up of impartial individuals who meet at the request of others to arbitrate matters between opposing parties. These meetings are generally less formal than typical court proceedings, but usually allow both parties to present their case. Military or international courts may establish tribunals to try cases of alleged criminal behavior. Depending on the type of court, members may or may not require a legal background.
Individuals may seek assistance from church dioceses regarding matters of biblical or church regulation. Roman Catholics often request the intervention of the church in matters relating to annulment of marriage. The process usually involves contacting a pastor who forwards the paperwork and statements to the court or church governing body. The court accepts the testimony of both spouses and decides whether the marriage can be dissolved by the church.
Employees in some European countries can use employment tribunal appeals to resolve issues between themselves and their employers. In this case, the court or committee typically involves a qualified legal representative and lay members who make decisions about discrimination, payment issues, and wrongful terminations. Employees have a specific period of time from the time of the accident to file a complaint with the court. At a scheduled hearing, everyone involved can present their case, provide testimony, and answer questions. The committee arrives at a decision based on documentation, testimony, and evidence.
A community tax court typically resolves property valuation and taxation issues. Individuals generally seek the help of these committees when they feel that a city government is subjecting them to an unfair property tax. Commissioners appointed to the board hold hearings and review requests. If a taxpayer disagrees with the committee’s decision, he has the right to appeal. The city, however, may not have this option.
Unlike other courts, participation in military or international criminal courts is not voluntary. These prosecutions generally question the behavior of military personnel or military and political leaders for crimes allegedly committed against other people. The tribunal may be composed of members of a particular country’s military or officials affiliated with the United Nations. These individuals serve as authoritative representatives hearing cases involving crimes against humanity. These allegations usually involve torture, espionage, genocide or piracy.
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