Dust collectors are used in industries such as mining, machine shops, and powder processing plants to remove large quantities of dust from air or gases. Four main types include inertial separators, filters, wet scrubbers, and electrostatic precipitators. Each type has advantages and disadvantages, with efficiency being a key factor. Inertial separators use gravitational and other forces to separate dust from gas, while filters use a screen filter system. Wet scrubbers use liquid to absorb fine dust, and electrostatic precipitators use electrostatic forces to separate dust particles from air streams. Two main types of electrostatic collectors are single stage and two stage precipitators.
Dust collectors can be used when large quantities of dust need to be removed. Industries experiencing such problems include mining plants, machine shops, and powder processing plants. Dust collectors allow you to separate dust from air or other gases. Four main types are inertial separators, filters, wet scrubbers and electrostatic precipitators.
An inertial separator is often used to separate the dust from the gas. This is possible using gravitational, inertial and other forces. The combination of forces employed varies according to the type of inertial separator. Settle chambers, baffle chambers, and centrifugal collectors are the three most common types of dust collectors in this category.
Each type of inertial separator has advantages and disadvantages. Settlement chambers are simple to design, but tend to be inefficient. Baffle chambers may be more efficient, but are still usually limited to use as pre-filters. Centrifugal collectors, employing cyclone action, are probably the most complex of the inertial separators. Their advantage is efficiency.
Filters usually separate the dust from the gas using a screen filter system. Normally, a stream of gas containing dust enters a structure known as a bag filter. The sleeve bag contains a netting which can be made from a variety of materials such as felted cotton. The dust then builds up on the surface of the shielding material as the gas passes through. These collectors have a reputation for being among the most efficient and cost effective when considering fine dust loads.
Wet scrubbers are dust collectors that use liquid to perform separation tasks and to absorb fine dust. Water is the most common washing liquid. There are many wet scrubbers and there are different modes of operation. Normally, the washing liquid captures the dust in droplets which are collected and removed. Then, the purged air or gas must be demisted, a process that removes the added moisture.
Electrostatic precipitators are routinely used to separate dust particles from dusty air streams using electrostatic forces. With these dust collectors, dirty air flows through a passage into an ionizing area where the dust particles receive a negative charge as they pass between the electrodes. Then, the particles are attracted to the positively charged electrodes on the collection plates as clean air exits.
The two main types of electrostatic collectors are single stage precipitators, which are high voltage, and two stage precipitators, which are low voltage. There are generally two options for single stage high voltage precipitators, plates or tubes. Two-stage electrostatic precipitators, which are considered more efficient, are commonly used in plants that are engaged in large-scale welding or woodworking.
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