EEG electrodes collect electrical impulses from the brain for diagnostic analysis. They come in disposable, reusable, band/cap, and needle forms, with advantages and disadvantages to each. Electrode caps are used for biofeedback and neurofeedback machines, and subcutaneous needles are used during surgery.
Electroencephalogram (EEG) electrodes are placed around the head region to collect electrical impulses from the brain and route them to a type of machine that is used as a diagnostic tool to analyze brain activity. This measurement of brain activity is recorded using a technique known as encephalography. EEG electrodes are manufactured in several types, including disposable electrodes, reusable electrodes, bands or caps, and needle electrodes.
Disposable EEG electrodes are widely used, as they can be applied quickly and easily. These electrodes are connected by snapping them onto a lead or “lead” wire that connects to a recording machine. There are many fairly inexpensive varieties, usually in the shape of a flexible disk that is sticky and contains a central snap made of silver-silver chloride. Some contain a runny gel around the trigger area to enable it to better conduct impulses to the car’s wires. They have the disadvantage of having a relatively large size and a reduced ability to attach to regions with a lot of hair. Some disposable electrodes use salt water – or saline – instead of gel, and are snapped or clipped to a headband or cap.
Reusable EEG electrodes are not as large as disposable ones and this gives them an advantage in that they can be placed closer to the skin in areas with a lot of hair. Discs can be made of gold, silver, or tin, as all of these conduct current easily. They are used with headbands or caps and must be cleaned thoroughly after each use. They are initially more expensive than disposable electrodes, however this cost tends to equalize over time, as they are quite durable.
Disposable or reusable EEG electrodes can be attached to caps or headbands by snapping or snapping them into the positions of the sensors built into the caps. Cup or disc shaped electrodes are common types. Electrode caps are typically used when a large number of electrodes are required, such as when using biofeedback machines and neurofeedback machines. Head caps or wraps are also used with ambulatory EEGs – useful for monitoring epileptic activity – with monitoring time extended over a period of several days in combination with gel-anchored electrodes and a laptop computer to which they are connect the leads.
Another form of electrode is in the form of a needle that pierces the skin, called a subcutaneous needle. These EEG electrodes can be disposable or reusable. They are relatively expensive and are mainly used as diagnostic aids during surgery.
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