Epoxy sealants consist of two components that react chemically when mixed. They can be water-based, solvent-based, 100% solids, or marine/gel. Water-based is less durable, solvent-based is mid-range, 100% solids is the strongest but most expensive, and marine/gel is for harsh conditions.
Epoxy sealants are protective coatings applied to the surface of concrete, masonry and other materials. They differ from other types of sealants in that they consist of two separate components, which undergo a permanent chemical reaction when mixed together. Most epoxy sealants consist of a resinous material and a curing agent that are suspended in water or solvents depending on the intended application. Different types of epoxy sealants can be distinguished based on whether they are solvent-based, water-based, or made up of 100% solids with no water or solvents. Marine or gel sealants are a fourth type of epoxy sealant and are designed for high performance applications.
Water-based epoxy sealant is the most common type of sealant for light traffic applications. For example, they can be used to seal a residential driveway or worktop. The water-based epoxy sealant has little odor and is considered less toxic than other versions of this product. While it costs less than oil- or solvent-based sealers, it also tends to be less durable and can develop stains or discoloration over time.
Solvent-based epoxy sealant products are a mid-range option for moderate traffic applications. For example, this product could be used to seal a floor or parking lot in a small retail shop. These sealants consist of a curing agent suspended in a solution of water and chemical solvents. They cost more than water-based products, but they also tend to work better. Solvent-based epoxy sealants produce fewer noxious fumes than those made from 100% solids, but more than water-based sealants.
For heavy industrial applications, a 100 percent solids epoxy sealant often provides the strongest, longest-lasting solution. Instead of suspending a solid in water or solvents, 100% of the solids are transformed into a sealant when mixed with the resin. There is no dilution which means the final sealer will not shrink or crack. This results in the most effective coverage, but it also has the highest cost.
For extremely harsh conditions, a marine or gel sealant may be required. These 100% solid epoxy sealants incorporate the most advanced hardeners and resins on the market, which allows them to withstand exposure to chemicals or salt water. These sealers tend to be the most expensive of all epoxy sealers and often produce noxious fumes. They must be protected from ultraviolet rays and frequent exposure to the sun to maximize their effectiveness.
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