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GIS is a software program used to collect, store and analyze geographic reference data. It has various applications in industries such as transportation, urban planning, oil and mining, environmental management, agriculture, and disaster preparedness. It helps in analyzing needs and planning for future development while mitigating environmental impact.
A geographic information system (GIS) is a software program that collects, stores, and analyzes geographic reference data. It is a powerful analytical and decision-making tool used in many industries including commercial, education and government. The various types of GIS applications are almost limitless. It has been used for everything from mapping wildlife habitat to monitoring climate change to providing firefighters with the quickest route to the blaze.
In the field of transportation, GIS applications can help people study traffic patterns and plan road construction or repairs. These applications are especially useful for helping drivers find the quickest routes, whether they’re delivering packages or assisting in response to fire and emergency services. There are GIS applications that help trucking companies or regional delivery companies manage their fleet of vehicles and provide the best and most efficient vehicle routes.
Spatial and urban planning is one of the most common types of GIS applications. Planners can use GIS to study street and traffic patterns, education and other places of public facilities, utility infrastructure and waterways, zoning and residential areas. Combining this data with mapping data helps them analyze needs and plan for future development. In the commercial sector, business planners can use demographic data, business location data, zoning data, and transportation and utility data to determine the best location for a planned new business.
In the oil and mining industry, the process of locating and extracting oil and mineral deposits is often benefited by the use of GIS technology. Geologists and mining professionals can analyze the topography, geology, vegetation and hydrology around the mining operation to mitigate environmental impact. This can also help mining companies operate more efficiently and safely.
GIS has hundreds of uses in the field of environmental management. It is used to study forest practices, land use and land cover, wetland management and environmental phenomena. It is also used to study groundwater purity, air quality, and the effects of air and water pollution. An important application of GIS in environmental management is forest fire monitoring to better coordinate firefighting efforts.
In the fields of agriculture and agriculture, GIS professionals can use the technology to examine agricultural records and area hydrography to study water and irrigation needs. It can also analyze soil types and weather conditions. This can help better determine fertilizer and pesticide needs, as well as fertilizer and pesticide runoff into adjacent waterways.
GIS applications in the area of disaster preparedness and recovery help researchers and planners study environmental phenomena such as earthquakes and fault lines, hurricanes and tornadoes, flood plains and other potential disaster situations to identify potential hazards and vulnerabilities. An example of how GIS can benefit disaster recovery is in oil spill mitigation. By combining satellite imagery, aerial and underwater photography, weather patterns and ocean currents, scientists can track and predict the spread of oil spills. With this information, disaster recovery personnel can better prepare for and respond to a crisis.
