Heavy earthmoving equipment has been used for thousands of years. Today, there are various types of equipment for construction, civil engineering, landscaping, and mining. Some are the largest ever built, such as the 293 Bagger. Common equipment includes bulldozers, front loaders, backhoes, and dump trucks. Road construction equipment includes graders and trenchers.
Heavy earthmoving equipment has been around for thousands of years since at least the time of the ancient Egyptians. Today, modern civilization has developed a number of types of heavy earthmoving equipment for use in construction, civil engineering, landscaping, and mining. Some of these machines are among the largest ever built, such as the 293 Bagger, a backhoe excavator longer than three single-file 747 jumbo jets.
Some types of construction equipment are very familiar to many people. A bulldozer, for example, is a large tracked vehicle with a front-mounted moving blade that pushes dirt and rocks. Front loaders and backhoe loaders are similar to bulldozers and are often built on the same types of tracked platform, sometimes with both on the same tracked vehicle. A front loader has a large, sweeping, moving bucket mounted on the front that allows it to pick up dirt. A backhoe is a mechanical shovel consisting of a jointed arm with a bucket at the end that digs into the ground by pushing down into the ground and returning it towards the machine.
Large backhoes are often found on construction and mining sites and consist of a tracked base with the mass of the machine mounted on top allowing it to rotate in any direction. The shovel, or bucket, on these excavators can be huge, especially in the case of mining excavators. Some are able to move hundreds of cubic meters of earth with a shovel. Other mining excavators include drag shovels, which use chains to control and move huge bucket-like shovels, and bucket wheel excavators, which have huge turning wheels with bucket shovels mounted along the edge that allow for continuous excavation. Some of these excavators are capable of removing hundreds of thousands of tons of earth a day.
Dump trucks are another common form of heavy earthmoving equipment. They range in size from those commonly seen on small construction sites to titanic machines the size of large houses that haul hundreds of cubic feet of material at a time to mining sites. Some of these haulers can hold up to 400 tons in their body.
Road construction equipment, such as graders, is another form of heavy earthmoving equipment. Graders are used to move earth for the purpose of smoothing road surfaces, often prior to paving. Trenchers are specialized earth moving machines that dig trenches for pipes or cables.
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