Inhalants are products intentionally inhaled to achieve psychoactive effects. They are cheap and legal, but can be dangerous or fatal. Inhalants fall into three categories: aerosols, solvents, and gases. Overuse can cause serious short- and long-term health effects. Rehabilitation therapy, substance abuse treatment, or medication may be necessary.
An inhalant is a commercial, industrial or medical product that is intentionally drawn into the lungs to achieve psychoactive effects. Inhalants are used as recreational drugs mainly because they are cheap and legal to buy, although they can be extremely dangerous or even fatal to users. Most inhalants fall into one of three main categories: aerosols, solvents, or gases. Among the more popular types of inhalants are gasoline, spray paint, hair spray, paint thinner, and glues.
Aerosols are one of the most common types of inhalants, as well as one of the easiest to obtain. Many household products that come in aerosol cans, including spray paint, cooking sprays, hairspray, and computer dusters, can be concentrated and inhaled. Individuals typically spray the product into a paper bag, bottle, or other container and take deep breaths with it on their face so they can inhale the ingredients. Aerosols contain chemicals that provide an immediate and short-lived feeling of euphoria and dizziness. Frequent use can lead to nausea, vomiting, drowsiness and confusion.
Solvents such as gasoline, paint thinners, and glues can also be misused as inhalants. Most people who use solvents put a soaked rag over their face or smell the fumes directly from the source, such as a can of paint thinner or a gas tank. Solvents can cause hallucinations, delusions and dizziness. It is common for inhalant users to experience headaches and nausea for several hours after use. Also, delayed health problems can arise when an individual inhales a product that contains lead, carcinogens, or other known hazards.
An individual may also abuse various types of commercial and medical gases, including nitrous oxide, amyl nitrites, ether, and refrigerants. When used correctly, a medical gas is an effective anesthetic for patients undergoing surgical or dental procedures. It is carefully regulated by a trained anesthesiologist or nurse to ensure that safe amounts are administered. When used as a recreational drug, large doses of the anesthetic can make an individual feel disoriented for hours at a time.
Overuse of any type of inhalant can lead to serious short- and long-term health effects. Concentrated chemicals in inhalants can cause permanent brain, liver and kidney damage, heart failure, central nervous system problems and allergic reactions, among many other dangerous conditions. An individual who has abused inhalants, even if many years ago, should see their primary care physician to check for signs of permanent damage. Doctors may suggest rehabilitation therapy, substance abuse treatment, or medications to help active users overcome their issues and work toward healthier lifestyles.
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