IVF involves collecting eggs and sperm, fertilizing them outside the body, and inserting them into the female’s body. Hormonal injections, ultrasounds, and pregnancy tests may also be required. Embryo cryopreservation is an option, and ultrasounds are used to monitor fetal growth. A pregnancy test is performed after the procedure.
There are many procedures that can be involved in in vitro fertilization (IVF). The eggs must be collected, the sperm collected, and the two are combined to create an embryo. Other procedures should be performed after the initial procedure has been completed, such as freezing unused embryos for another session if needed. Hormonal injections, ultrasounds, and pregnancy tests are other types of IVF procedures that may be performed at some point during the fertilization process.
In vitro fertilization is a procedure that involves taking sperm and fertilizing an egg outside the body. This is generally done for couples who cannot conventionally have children due to physical or hormonal problems. These can include low sperm count, polycystic ovary syndrome, low sperm mobility, or lack of ovulation for other hormonal reasons. Once the eggs are fertilized, they are inserted into the female’s body where they hopefully implant themselves in the uterus and begin to develop like any other pregnancy.
This process is one of the main IVF procedures, but there are many others that may be required both before and after this part of conception. Hormonally challenged women may have to endure injections of progesterone, LH, or human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) to prepare their body for pregnancy. These may need to be continued throughout the first half, or even the entire, pregnancy. If there are physical abnormalities in the woman, further IVF procedures may be performed to correct them and prepare her body for pregnancy.
After the embryos have been placed, there may be other embryos left. These can be frozen in a process known as embryo cryopreservation. This keeps them vital in case the first IVF procedures fail and another round of treatments is needed. Sometimes, couples may also choose to donate their embryos to another couple who are experiencing fertility issues.
Ultrasounds, both trans-abdominal and trans-vaginal, are also IVF procedures. Both types use Doppler wands to allow doctors to see inside a woman’s body. They are needed both when the embryos are being implanted so doctors can see the best place to insert them and after a pregnancy is confirmed to monitor fetal heart sounds and fetal growth and development.
To indicate the success or failure of IVF, a pregnancy test will also be performed approximately two weeks after the procedures have been performed. Sometimes a urine test will be done, although blood tests are usually more accurate for determining an early pregnancy. Another ultrasound may also be done to confirm the pregnancy and determine how many embryos there are.
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