Literacy strategies help readers interpret and retain information. Basic strategies include sightwords, prediction, and sequencing, while advanced strategies involve determining author bias and purpose. Prior knowledge, fluency, and questioning aid beginners. Sequencing helps predict outcomes. Literary response is a comprehension-based writing strategy.
Literacy strategies enable readers to interpret literature and retain the information that is read. There are many different types of literary strategies used for novice readers as well as those used by expert readers. Some of the most widely used types of basic strategies include introducing sightwords, prediction, and sequence; Activating prior knowledge, fluency, and questioning also helps beginning readers. Advanced strategies include determining the author’s bias, credentials, and purpose for the literary piece.
Early readers and pre-readers are taught prediction and questions as literacy strategies: they help build a foundation for reading comprehension. Predicting what might happen next in a story is a great tool that can lead to literary analysis and strengthen cause-and-effect understanding. Phonics and sight word identification are common literacy strategies used even as children begin to read. Building a vocabulary of sight words can help improve fluency when reading. Common words such as “the” and “why” are early words as they are used with a higher frequency than most other words in the literature.
All people have prior knowledge of some kind. This defines the experiences a person has had so far in their life. While reading, the reader uses prior knowledge to understand the text. Most literature does not define every term used, so prior knowledge is relied upon to understand concepts and terms that are not clearly defined in the text.
Sequencing is a literacy strategy used to illustrate what comes first, after, and last in a story. A child who is learning to read may benefit from sequencing activities because this will help him predict outcomes that lead to literary understanding. A common sequencing task includes cutting out boxed illustrations and pasting them in the correct sequential order as they would occur in a story. Another example of a sequence might be reading a story and asking questions about which parts came first, after, and last in the story.
Advanced literacy strategies include both writing strategies and reading strategies. Determining an author’s bias or purpose can help a reader understand the context of a story. Understanding the author’s perspective can also help determine author bias. When advanced readers analyze and respond to literature, these strategies are helpful. A literary response is a comprehension-based writing strategy. A literary response can be used in both initial and advanced literacy strategies.
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