Peer-to-peer (P2P) sites use networks where participants share and consume resources. Four main types are file sharing, bioinformatics, telecommunications (e.g. Skype), and lending. The Pirate Bay and Kazaa have faced copyright infringement allegations, while Napster has reemerged as a paid service.
Peer-to-peer (P2P) sites involve peer-to-peer networks, which are designed to work differently than other networks. In peer-to-peer networks, there is no central site that many people go to for information and products. Rather, each participant shares resources and consumes resources from the network formed by all participants. Four main types of peer-to-peer sites have been developed: those dedicated to file sharing; those used for bioinformatics; those adapted for telecommunications; and those dedicated to the loan.
File sharing, both legal and illegal, is one of the primary uses of peer-to-peer sites and networks. BitTorrent, Inc., the Bram Cohen-owned company that developed the popular BitTorrent peer-to-peer file sharing protocol, has licenses to distribute content including movies, music, television broadcasts, and software, including, but not limited to , World of Warcraft® . The LionShare project, whose participants include the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Pennsylvania State University and Simon Fraser University, aims to share files between and between educational institutions around the world. His home is on the Penn State website.
There are some very famous peer-to-peer sites that have been the locus of allegations of copyright infringement and illegal downloading of music and movies. One of them is The Pirate Bay, which was sold in July 2009 to the Global Gaming Factory after its four founders were convicted of copyright infringement in April 2009 and set to turn into a legitimate, copyright-abiding business. Another is Kazaa (formerly KaZaA), which was sued for illegal file sharing and paid $100 million in restitution to the recording industry and changed its model to a subscription service. Napster was a peer-to-peer file sharing service for mp3 files, which ran for two years until a court order shut it down in July 2001. The Napster brand has also reemerged as a paid service.
Bioinformatics is another use that peer-to-peer sites have been put to. Bioinformatics, which is the exploitation of information technology to process huge amounts of information in molecular biology, pioneered the use of peer-to-peer networks to run large programs. The telecommunications use of peer-to-peer sites is notably carried out by Skype, which was known as “Sky peer-to-peer” or “Skyper” in the beginning.
Peer-to-peer lending, also called person-to-person lending or social lending, is the name given to lending that takes place between people without the involvement of a financial institution. Peer-to-peer lending may or may not be secured and is done by peer-to-peer sites at least in some cases.
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