Resuscitation training includes rescue breathing, CPR, neonatal resuscitation, defibrillator training, mechanical CPR devices, and orotracheal intubation. Healthcare professionals learn to use medical equipment for ventilation and airway maintenance. Different levels of training are required for different roles, from laypersons to critical care paramedics.
Different types of resuscitation training include learning to perform rescue breathing; cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for adults, children, and infants; and neonatal resuscitation. Other types of resuscitation training include defibrillator training or learning to use an automated external defibrillator (AED) and learning to operate mechanical CPR devices. Training for orotracheal intubation is an essential component of advanced life support (ALS). Self-taught CPR by hand can also be considered a type of resuscitation training.
CPR, particularly the kind performed by healthcare professionals, is actually a combination of two different skills – chest compressions and rescue breathing. Rescue breathing, which some people still think of as “mouth-to-mouth,” is performed on victims who are not pulse-breathers. Chest compressions are performed only if the patient has no pulse. The resuscitation training that healthcare professionals receive in performing rescue breathing also involves learning to use a variety of medical equipment for superior ventilation and airway maintenance. They learn to use equipment such as the Combitube, the King LT, the oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal airways, and the laryngoscope to perform orotracheal intubation.
Orotracheal intubation is the placement of an endotracheal tube directly into the trachea, commonly called the trachea. This type of medical intervention requires advanced resuscitation training and a tremendous amount of practice, as the procedure, if performed incorrectly, can quickly cause the death of a patient. Neonatal resuscitation refers not only to the restoration of spontaneous breathing and heartbeat in the newborn, but also to the establishment of these vital functions. It also requires specialized training at various levels.
It can be said that the various types of resuscitation training are a reflection of the various levels of training. For example, laypersons tend to learn Hands-Only CPR, while those who want to work in emergency medical services in the United States must learn at least all resuscitation procedures at the basic life support (BLS) level to work in an ambulance or in a hospital emergency room. Paramedic specialists and critical care paramedics must learn all resuscitation skills considered advanced life support. Training to use resuscitation equipment is usually provided only at the EMS systems that use it.
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