Sanitation services manage liquid and solid waste for cleaner and healthier societies. Municipal waste requires storage and transportation, often provided by the city. Landfills, recycling centers, and specialized facilities for hazardous waste also fall under sanitation. Water is filtered, purified, and reused in specialized treatment facilities.
There are various types of sanitation implemented by cities and counties around the world. Not only do they provide conveniences to citizens, but they also make societies cleaner and healthier to live in. Liquid and solid waste needs to be managed and controlled and these services ensure that this is done as efficiently and safely as possible.
Municipal waste, also called solid waste, requires the use of a type of sanitation. This involves the storage and transportation of this waste. Generally, this type of service is provided by the city. Garbage trucks are often available to pick up and transport waste to the appropriate facilities. Those who live outside the city limits may have to carry the waste themselves.
Landfills also fall under this type of sanitation because they provide a safer area for waste to be stored until it can be more appropriately disposed of. Sometimes the garbage is finally compacted to make more space and then incinerated. Other times the waste is sorted and sent to a recycling center.
Recycling centers are another variety of sanitation. It still involves solid waste management, but instead of storing or shredding garbage; it is cleaned, ground and reused. Plastic, glass and paper are common materials that can be recycled. Citizens are encouraged to recycle goods wherever facilities are available.
Another type of sanitation involves the filtration, cleaning, and reuse of water. Human waste, contaminated rainwater and polluted industrial water must be cleaned and purified so that they can be reused for drinking, bathing and watering crops. This generally happens in a specialized treatment facility.
Most wastewater passes through a filter that separates solid materials from the water. Then, the liquid is purified with ozone or oxygen or passed through a tiny filter that separates out any bacteria or microorganisms. The water is also typically combined with a purifying agent, such as chlorine, which is used to kill any remaining bacteria. Then it is filtered again to remove all traces of the chemical so that it is safe for human consumption again.
In addition, there are specialized facilities used for the disposal of hazardous waste. Chemicals such as cleaning solutions and oil, medical supplies, and radioactive materials all need to be separated and treated differently than other waste materials. For this reason, special structures are available which are used to neutralize and destroy these environmentally harmful agents.
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