System software controls a computer and includes the operating system, utilities, and device drivers. Different companies make operating systems, and some computers can run multiple types. Utilities include diagnostic and backup programs, while device drivers allow communication with peripherals. System software is necessary and comprehensive, while applications are optional and can be similar.
System software controls a computer and provides the environment for users to run application software. It is a collection of programs, with different functions and purposes, especially the operating system (OS) which controls an entire computer. Also included in the system software are utilities and device drivers. Instead, computer users typically run software applications to perform tasks, play games, listen to music, and otherwise use a computer.
Operating systems
While it has multiple components, system software on a computer is usually based on the operating system installed on it. There are many different companies that make operating systems, although some of the more notable ones include Microsoft®, Apple®, and groups working with open formats like Linux®. These companies produce and release numerous versions over time, including Windows XP®, Apple Mac OS X® and Ubuntu®. A great deal of debate surrounds the topic of which system is superior, and it often boils down to the personal preferences and individual needs of a computer user.
Running multiple operating systems
Some computers can run two different types of system software; such as Mac OS X® and a version of Windows®. Users often use one of two different methods to run more than one operating system at the same time. One way is through software that allows the user to choose the preferred operating system to initialize on boot. The other is through desktop software run by a user, which allows simultaneous access to two operating systems on a machine.
System utility
The utilities include a variety of specialized programs that can be applied to all applications. Basic utilities include diagnostic and troubleshooting software that can scan a system or other program for errors and missing files. Additional utilities include data backup programs, file compression software, and tools used to completely uninstall other programs.
Device drivers
Device drivers are required for every peripheral and device connected to a computer, from a mouse and keyboard to a printer. This type of system software allows the operating system to effectively identify and communicate with the hardware connected to a machine. The operating system may include device drivers for basic components, such as a mouse and keyboard, while peripheral manufacturers often provide driver discs that users can install with their hardware.
Other types of programs
System software differs from application software in a couple of important ways. Firstly, it is necessary, while most computer users consider a particular application optional. It’s also comprehensive, in that no computer should have more than one version of any type of system software at any given time. Applications, on the other hand, are usually placed on a computer in large numbers, some of which provide similar functionality with only minor differences. In addition, system software is independent and does not require application software to run, while applications cannot run without an appropriate operating system and drivers.
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