Textile raw materials include natural fibers like wool and silk, plant fibers like cotton and bamboo, and synthetic fibers like nylon and polyester. Blending different fibers can create a product with complementary qualities.
Textile raw materials are fibers, of natural or synthetic origin, which are used to make clothes, blankets, towels and other textile items. Wool and silk are derived from living creatures, sheep and silkworms respectively, and provide warmth or softness. Cotton and bamboo fibers are derived from plants, although bamboo tends to need extensive chemical work before it becomes a fiber. Nylon and polyester are made from petrochemicals and are synthetic. Different raw materials are often blended into a blend which allows the different fibers to complement each other.
Wool and silk are two textile raw materials that derive from living creatures. Sheep are mainly used for wool, but camels and goats can also produce wool. This fabric is not known for being comfortable, but it is good at insulating and the material is very absorbent. Silk is obtained by disassembling the cocoon of a silkworm and is known to be lustrous, comfortable and soft.
Two plant raw materials for fabrics are cotton and bamboo. Bamboo fiber is typically soft and somewhat springy, and bamboo plants grow rapidly. To turn bamboo into a fiber, harsh curing chemicals are required. Cotton is one of the oldest, softest and most absorbent fabrics. It can hold color easily, and because it is durable, printing onto cotton is usually easy.
Synthetic fibers are often considered textile raw materials, even if they are not of natural origin. These synthetic fibers, such as nylon and polyester, require the use of petrochemicals to create the fiber or as an additive. Nylon typically has elasticity and is normally used for swimwear, parachutes, and sportswear. Polyester is sometimes used as a substitute for cotton; tends to be a little shinier and doesn’t wrinkle easily.
Blended textile raw materials combine two or more types of fibers to create a product that combines the qualities of different fibers. For example, cotton and wool can be mixed to create a warmer, more comfortable and more elastic garment than a pure wool garment. There is usually one main fiber and a small percentage of other fibers, but some blends can blend equal amounts of different fibers. Another common reason for blending fibers is to create a fiber that can be easily dyed, so fewer materials are needed to create colorful clothing and other textile items.
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