Trusses are structures that rely on triangular designs for strength and stability. They can be made of wood, steel, or other materials and are used in residential and commercial construction, as well as in bridge design. Different types of trusses exist, including planar and space frame profiles, and they can be classified by design, function, or material composition.
A truss is any structure that relies on a triangular design for strength and stability. It can be as simple as a three-sided triangle used in a bicycle frame to a multidimensional structure at the base of a tower or bridge. Different types of trusses can be classified according to their design, function or material composition. For example, prefabricated wooden trusses are used in the construction of houses, while units made of steel or other metals are used to construct bridges and commercial buildings.
One of the easiest ways to tell the different types of trellis apart is to determine whether they exist in a single story or in multiple stories. A planar trust is flat and exists in a single plane. An example of this would be a single triangular structure used to frame the face of a roof. Another important type of truss is the space frame profile, which features a three-dimensional design that exists in multiple planes. A common example of this is the metal pylons used to support high voltage wiring.
Perhaps the most common types of truss are those used in residential construction. These units are traditionally made from wood and are a pre-fabricated alternative to standard stick framing. A floor truss consists of two parallel beams joined by a series of triangles which help to more effectively distribute the load placed on the beams. Roof truss systems are typically triangular in shape and can be planar or spatially framed, depending on the shape of the roof.
Other types of trellis include those constructed of various types of metal. Steel truss systems can be used to form walls, floors and ceilings in a commercial or industrial building. Purpose-built steel trusses can also be used to form complex architectural elements inside or outside a building. Aluminum and other light metals are also used to form modular or portable trusses. Types of trusses of this type include light trusses or portable models designed for displays or staging.
Many people associate trusses with bridge design. In bridge construction, trusses can be made of wood, iron, steel, or a variety of composite materials. The earliest types of bridge truss consisted of a simple post, with a single triangular support braced with an internal vertical post. Over time, girder-style bridge trusses resembling a standard floor truss system allowed bridges to span greater distances. Advanced designs such as the cantilever truss or camelback have further increased the width and safety of truss bridges.
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