Types of unemployment include loss of full-time or part-time jobs, temporary layoffs, sick leave, and underemployment. Full-time workers may claim unemployment benefits, while part-time workers may not always qualify. Medically caused unemployment can be temporary or permanent, with compensation available in some cases.
The different types of unemployment include the loss of a full-time paying job, the loss of a part-time job, or an unwanted period of time between full-time and part-time employment. Temporary layoffs or forced furloughs are another type of unemployment where the worker has a reasonable expectation of being called back to work. Some periods of absence from work are due to sick leave. Underemployment is a term for a situation where a person works at a job that does not match their education or training or pays less than the individual needs to sustain a modest standard of living.
Full-time salaried workers who are not fired through error on their part, but who are laid off, are generally entitled to claim unemployment benefits. The cost of these benefits may be provided by the insurance premiums an employer pays while the worker is an employee. There are usually restrictions on these benefits, such as the requirement to look for a new job. In many countries, full-time employees can remain on a company’s health insurance plan or receive other benefits during the period of unemployment.
Sometimes workers may be temporarily laid off, with the expectation that they will be called back to work when the company can revive its productive activities. This is common in industries that experience seasonal fluctuations. If he or she is a member of the union, in addition to the unemployment benefits that may be available, the worker will also be able to rely on the help of the union to which he or she belongs. In the case of unemployed workers striking, unions usually maintain a fund to help workers survive during the strike.
Part-time workers do this by choice or because they couldn’t find full-time employment. Sometimes part-time workers hired by a company qualify for unemployment insurance and sometimes they don’t. Part-time workers can work more than one job to provide enough income for their needs. In underemployment, the individual wants full-time work but is unable to find it, and then may try to scrape together enough income by working two lower-paying jobs or part-time. A person may be considered underemployed even though they are working full-time if multiple jobs are needed to provide full-time work.
Another type of unemployment can be a result of a medical problem. Medically caused unemployment can be temporary or permanent, depending on the medical condition. If the person was injured while on the job, he or she may receive compensation to meet health care and income needs. In cases where the person’s employer provides disability insurance, the unemployed worker may receive temporary or permanent disability payments.
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