Wastewater is water altered by human actions, including sewage and industrial pollution. Wastewater treatment technologies, such as aerobic treatment, microfiltration, denitrification, and ozone treatment, are used to purify water for reuse and human consumption.
Wastewater refers to any water that has been altered or otherwise affected by human actions or functions. This includes sewage, rainwater that comes into contact with roads or highways, and water that has been polluted by industrial means. There are various forms of wastewater treatment technology, each used for specific levels of contamination. They are often used in combination to ensure that the water returns to as natural a state as possible and is safe for human consumption.
First, the wastewater treatment technology is implemented in an on-site sewage treatment plant. Water is run through pipes from homes and buildings, through underground sewage systems, and then to the facility where it is purified, sanitized, and treated in a variety of ways. The overall goal is to return the water to reservoirs and other storage facilities where it will be available for reuse.
Aerobic wastewater treatment technology involves the use of “good” bacteria. These organisms are generally of an oxygen dependent variety, meaning that adequate amounts of oxygen must be present to survive. The bacteria destroy harmful microorganisms and in the process release both carbon dioxide and water as waste products. These compounds are both harmless and necessary for the decontamination of drinking water.
Another type of wastewater treatment technology uses microfiltration or synthetic membranes. These are essentially filters designed small enough to capture even tiny microorganisms, thereby removing them from the water. Wastewater is moved through the filters more than once to ensure adequate filtration. This method is usually used in conjunction with chemicals, which are added for further decontamination. Chemical additives such as chlorine can then be filtered out of the water again using the same filtration methods, leaving it pure and fresh.
Denitrification uses methanol to purify water by promoting the growth of certain carbon-emitting bacteria. The carbon then neutralizes or removes nitrates from the water. Nitrates can be harmful for human consumption and have been linked to a number of health problems, such as cancer. They are generally found in polluted waters that have been contaminated by roads or factories. This water may contain relatively large amounts of oil, fluids and tar residues; which contain nitrates and other harmful toxins.
The latest wastewater treatment technology uses ozone produced by an ozone generator. The generator produces bubbles containing ozone which percolate continuously into the water for a certain period of time, neutralizing and decontaminating it. This method provides the same effects as the others without the use of harsh chemicals. Ozone treatment can still be used in conjunction with other methods for optimal results.
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