Hydraulic pumps move fluids with pressure to do work. Types include gear, screw, vane, radial piston, axial piston, and gerotor pumps. Thin oil is used in hydraulic systems.
Hydraulic pumps are mechanical devices designed to move fluids with sufficient pressure to impart energy into the fluid body. This is a rather technical way of saying that a hydraulic pump pumps a fluid, typically a low viscosity oil, strong enough to be used to do work. There are several types of general purpose water pumps, most of which have close tolerance rotary mechanisms that operate at relatively slow speeds. These include gear pumps, screw pumps and fixed displacement vane pumps. Gerotor and radial or axial piston pumps are also frequently used types of hydraulic pumps.
Hydraulic systems are work-producing entities that use compressed fluid to perform that work. The fluid used is usually a fairly thin oil of special grade which is pumped through the system to produce working pressure by various types of hydraulic pumps. These pumps are usually equipped with rotary mechanisms with small tolerances between the moving parts and the casings. Compared to other fluid pumps, most types of water pumps also feature rather low rotational speeds.
One of the most common types of hydraulic pumps are gear pumps. These devices consist of a pair of meshed gears that rotate inside a tight-fitting casing. Oil is introduced from one side of the case and is carried around its outer area between the gear teeth and out to the drain point on the opposite side. Some gear pumps have an eccentric outer tooth gear that rotates around the teeth of an inner gear and function in much the same way as the example above. Gear pumps are generally efficient and reliable, although older models can be very noisy.
Rotary vane pumps are another common type of hydraulic pump and feature a series of constantly adjusting vanes mounted on an eccentric hub within an enclosed housing. As the hub moves around the casing, the lugs constantly adjust to keep the tips in contact with the inside surface of the casing. The oil is introduced into the casing and is carried around it by vanes to the discharge point where it is expelled. Rotary vane types of water pumps are generally more efficient than gear pump variants.
A third commonly used hydraulic pump is the screw pump. These pumps feature a pair of interlocking worm gears located within a closed cylinder. This arrangement works in the same way as the Archimedean screw, with the introduction of oil at one end of the cylinder where it is forced along its entire length between the meshing gear teeth and the cylinder walls. Other types of general purpose hydraulic pumps include radial piston pumps, axial piston pumps and gerotor pumps.
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