Waterborne diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, and parasites can lead to severe symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, and fever. Dysentery, cholera, and typhoid fever are some of the well-known waterborne diseases. Treatment options vary depending on the disease and symptoms.
Waterborne diseases are a group of diseases caused by consuming contaminated water. Some common contaminants include bacteria, viruses and parasites. Some of the more well-known waterborne diseases include dysentery, cholera, and typhoid fever. Treatment for these conditions is individualized and based on the type of disease, the specific symptoms present, and the patient’s general health.
Dysentery is one of the most common waterborne diseases. Dysentery is caused by a type of bacterium known as shigella dysenteriae, which is often found in contaminated waters around the world. Symptoms of dysentery include frequent bowel movements, often containing blood or mucus and, in severe cases, vomiting blood. Severe intestinal cramps are also often present. Treatment for this condition typically involves the use of a prescription drug known as metronidazole, although other medications may sometimes be prescribed.
Cholera is one of the best known potentially fatal waterborne diseases. This disease is caused by the bacterium vibrio cholerae. Symptoms often include nausea, vomiting, and watery diarrhea. In severe cases, the body may go into shock, causing various systems in the body to stop working properly. Without immediate medical attention, death could occur within hours. Timely treatment with antibiotics and fluid replacement therapy greatly increases the patient’s chances of survival and many patients are able to fully recover from this disease.
Also among the known water borne diseases is a condition known as typhoid fever. This disease is caused by the bacterium known as Salmonella typhi. Symptoms of typhoid fever can include high body temperature, sweating, and diarrhea. Treatment involves the use of antibiotics and fluid replacement therapy. This often consists of an intravenous line placed in a vein to supply needed fluids and electrolytes.
Gastroenteritis is one of the waterborne diseases caused by a viral infection. Nausea, vomiting, and fever are common symptoms of gastroenteritis. Treatment for this condition involves replacing lost fluids. This can often be accomplished at home by drinking lots of clear liquids. In severe cases, intravenous therapy may be required.
Waterborne diseases can also be caused by parasites, such as enterobiasis, more commonly known as pinworms. Symptoms include anal itching and insomnia. Over-the-counter medications are available in most drug stores to treat this common condition. As with any waterborne disease, any bothersome symptoms should be reported to a physician for proper diagnosis and individualized treatment options.
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