Different types of work environments can be categorized by the type of work performed, physical environment, or social and situational factors. John Holland proposed the Holland codes, which categorize work environments by the nature of the work performed. Matching employees with the right environment can result in better performance and greater satisfaction.
There are many different types of work environment. Several attempts have been made to quantify the different types in an organized way, as seen with the Holland codes proposed by John Holland, a psychologist interested in matching people with work environments that suit their personalities. They can be categorized by the type of work performed, the physical environment, or social and situational factors that may play a role in defining the workplace. Matching employees with the right environment can result in better performance and greater satisfaction.
The Dutch approach to types of work environment looked at the nature of the work performed. He identified six different environments: realistic, social, enterprising, artistic, investigative and conventional. Some workplaces use this model to screen prospective employees to determine if they would be a good fit and to find the best department for their skills and interests.
In realistic environments, work is more practical, while investigative environments place a high priority on theoretical thinking and discussions. Enterprising environments involve more personal initiative to initiate and innovate projects. Conventional work environments use set protocols and routines, such as building a database of customer information, while artistic environments promote creativity and the production of artwork. Social work environments involve a high degree of interaction, as seen in customer service and teaching.
Another way to look at work environments is to evaluate the physical environment, differentiating between offices, warehouses, retail stores, scientific research facilities, field work sites, and so on. These work environments can suit different personality types and career goals. The physical environment can also have an impact on fitness for work; some people don’t appreciate the harsh, controlled climate of a laboratory, for example, or prefer to work outdoors. Concerns about conditions in different types of work environment can be a problem for some job seekers with concerns about their ability to thrive in physically demanding or boring environments.
Social and psychological climate can also be a metric to use when distinguishing between different types of work environment. Some workplaces have very strict chains of command, while others can be more flexible and egalitarian. Employees may be encouraged to participate, offer feedback and shape their environment or they may be expected to focus on tasks without criticizing their employers or supervisors. Some workplace climates can become hostile due to a tolerance for harassment or fierce competition, while others are more friendly and relaxed.
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