The US Constitution’s separation of powers created three branches of government to prevent any one person from having absolute power. The legislative branch makes laws, the executive branch enforces laws, and the judicial branch interprets laws. The system of checks and balances ensures that no branch has too much power. The Supreme Court is the highest court in the judicial branch.
Long ago, when the Founding Fathers of the United States wrote the Constitution, they wanted to make sure that no person in government had absolute power or authority. They had learned that such power was dangerous due to the years of oppression under the rule of the British monarchy. Hoping to protect US citizens, they engineered a separation of powers: three branches of government. Each branch has its own responsibilities, but all three segments work together to make sure the country runs smoothly. The joint efforts of these branches of government ensure that the rights of US citizens are protected.
The three branches of government are a system of checks and balances. One branch can use its authority to control the powers of the other two branches. This keeps authority balanced between the three branches of government. These three segments include the legislative branch, the executive branch and the judicial branch.
The legislative branch is in charge of making the laws for the country. It is made up of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Senate consists of 100 members. Two senators from each state serve in the Senate and are elected to six-year terms.
In contrast, the House of Representatives consists of 435 members. States with large populations have many representatives, while states with small populations have fewer. Each representative remains in office for two years.
A second of the three branches of government called the executive branch ensures that all laws are obeyed by the people. The President of the United States is the head of this particular branch of government. Because the executive branch is responsible for such a large task, the president is assisted by the vice president, cabinet members, and heads of other government agencies. The vice president becomes president if the president can no longer perform the duties of the position while other members of the executive branch advise the president and help advance policies.
Every government needs a judicial branch, a segment of government that interprets laws and determines how they should be applied to a variety of situations. The judicial branch determines whether laws go against the rules of the US Constitution and is made up of the judicial system. The highest court in the United States is the Supreme Court, where nine justices or justices perform their roles as interpreters of the laws. The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court must be nominated by the President and approved by the Senate. Justices serve on the Supreme Court for life.
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