A valve cone is a component of a cone valve that can be dynamic or fixed. Dynamic cones regulate fluid or gas flow by being raised or lowered, while fixed cones affect flow by restricting it and causing dispersion. Cone valves are used in plumbing and drainage systems.
A valve cone is the defining and operating component of a cone valve. Conical in shape, a valve cone can be dynamic, capable of being rotated or moved in a valve body to regulate and control the flow of a fluid or gas, or it can be fixed, mounted in one permanent position to add a desired property to the flow of a fluid. Dynamic cone valves are commonly used in high-end plumbing systems or to precisely control the flow of various gases. Fixed valve cones are used almost exclusively for high-end drainage control systems.
In a dynamic cone type of valve, the pointed end of the valve cone extends into a round hole or seat through which fluid enters the valve. Turning the valve handle or knob raises or lowers the valve cone in the opening. As you lower the cone into the valve, the increasingly large diameter of the cone restricts flow more and more until it presses against the valve seat, shutting it off altogether. Likewise, lifting the cone causes the opening to become larger and larger, allowing more flow through the valve. This type of cone valve can be adjusted very precisely, making it useful in the control of gases and other fluids, such as in refrigeration or oxygen systems.
There is another type of dynamic cone valve; however, in this type, the cone is fixed in the seat and has a hole through it, much like a ball valve. Adjusting the handle or knob rotates the cone into the seat, revealing the hole, which allows fluids to pass through the valve. If the handle is rotated again, the hole in the cone will be rotated back into the valve body, hiding the hole and cutting off the fluid flow. Like ball valves, this type of cone valve handle can only be turned 90 degrees, and is often used in high-end plumbing systems as a water shutoff valve.
The last type of cone valve is the fixed cone valve. A fixed poppet valve is not adjustable, but is instead placed into a fluid system, typically near the end or outlet, to affect fluid flow. In this type of valve, the valve cone is fixed inside a larger diameter cylinder, with the tip of the cone facing away from the fluid flow. When fluid flows through the valve at a low flow rate or pressure, it moves easily around the valve cone and continues on its path largely unaffected.
If the flow or pressure of the fluid increases, it is restricted by the valve cone and is forced around the base of the cone, which increases the pressure similar to a jet engine. When the fluid leaves the valve, it does so in a highly agitated state causing the fluid to disperse into a spray, which dissipates much of the fluid flow energy. This type of cone valve is typically very large and is often used in a large scale drainage system. In this type of system, the dispersion of water flow caused by the fixed cone valve reduces or eliminates soil erosion that would occur if the water could exit the drainage system in a single, high-pressure stream.
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