CNC routers use computer programming to remove material from wood or metal in specific patterns or shapes. Different models offer a range of tool holder and changer systems for flexibility and speed. Machinists must be proficient in the software controlling the router’s movements. Different methods of protecting materials include pod-based suction or vacuum systems. Scrap boards or sheets can also be used for low density tables.
Computer numerical control (CNC) routers are a class of machine shop equipment used to remove material from a specific location on a piece of wood or metal. There are different types of CNC routers for different materials, as each material has different strengths and weaknesses. Computer numerical control refers to the computer programming used to control and program the router. CNC routers are used to make patterns or cutouts as needed.
A CNC router is attached to a table and uses computer programming to remove material from a piece of wood or metal in a specific pattern or shape. The router is usually connected to a three or four speed motor system. The four motor systems provide additional speed and greater accuracy. A door hinge recessed into a door frame is an example of the kind of job a router does.
CNC routers designed for use with wood typically spin at between 13,000 and 24,000 revolutions per minute (RPM). Different base plates, templates or jigs are used to create a specific pattern in the wood. These items are installed in tool holders, which are accessed through the spindle nose. A chuck nose tightens and releases to hold the tool used to cut the material.
Different models of CNC milling machines offer a wide range of tool holder and changer systems. These systems are designed to allow machinists to quickly change tool sets to meet different needs. The greater the flexibility, the faster the job will be completed.
When using a CNC router, it is important to understand the software that controls the router’s movements. The actual depth of the blade and the location of the cut are controlled by computer programming, and CNC machinists must become proficient with the software installed on the router. Specialized software is available for different materials, with tolerance settings and material feedback that can produce higher quality output than other methods.
A wood router can also be used for plastics and other soft materials, as long as the speed is high enough. The metal routers have integrated waste collection to safely collect excess material. When installing CNC routers, think about the location of trash cans to collect waste material.
There are two methods of protecting materials when using CNC routers: pod-based suction or vacuum system. Most routers offer only one method. Each method has specific applications where it would be most efficient.
Suction cups are typically used to hold material so it can be moved and manipulated as needed. A vacuum based system is more practical when the product needs to be undercut. An undercut occurs when a groove or groove is created in a solid material.
Scrap boards or scrap sheets are another vacuum suction method used on a low density table. This method allows the pieces to be placed anywhere on the table and held securely in place by the suction created under the table surface. This type of system is slightly more expensive than suction cups because the motor has to generate a higher level of suction over a larger area.
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