Electrical measurements include voltage, current, power, resistance, and electromagnetic fields. Meters are used to measure these quantities, and a multimeter combines the functions of an ammeter, voltmeter, and ohmmeter. The electric field around a conductor can be measured with a Hall sensor or an electrometer. Electrical characteristics of circuits and components can be inferred from measurable quantities. Inductance can be measured with a Hall sensor and ammeter.
Electrical measurements are those that measure voltage, current, power, and resistance in an electrical circuit. Also included are those that measure the electrical characteristics of the circuit itself and the materials or components that make it up. Also, electrical measurements are measurements of the electromagnetic field surrounding a conductor carrying an electric current. All types of electrical measurements involve specific methods, devices, and calculations for the measurements being made.
The most commonly measured quantities in an electrical circuit are usually determined with a meter. An ammeter measures current in amperes, a voltmeter measures voltage in volts, and an ohmmeter measures resistance in ohms. The electrical power of a circuit in watts, which is the product of its voltage and current, can be calculated once these two quantities have been determined, or, if the resistance and one of the quantities are known, by applying Ohm’s law. The functions of an ammeter, voltmeter, and ohmmeter are combined in a device known as a multimeter. It has a switch on the front that allows the user to select the meter function and measurement sensitivity.
The electric field around a conductor can affect other conductors in its vicinity, and electrical measurements of its characteristics can often be inferred from the effect it has on these conductors. If the electric current in a conductor changes, or is in flux, it generates a magnetic field capable of inducing a current in any other conductor within the field. The magnetic field around a conductor with a changing electric current, such as one carrying an alternating current in a state of constant flux, can be measured with a Hall sensor. A stationary current, on the other hand, generates an electrostatic field that can be determined with an electrometer, which measures the repulsion force induced by the field in two similar conductors.
Electrical circuits and their components have characteristics that affect the circuit’s ability to conduct a current and generate a magnetic field. Electrical measurements of these characteristics are often determined by calculations based on measurable quantities in the circuit, such as voltage, current, and resistance. For example, the capacity of an electrical device designed to hold a charge, such as a battery, is determined by measurements of the electrical wattage and the time it takes to charge it. Inductance, the ability of a circuit to generate a voltage when immersed in a magnetic field, can be inferred by measuring the field strength with a Hall sensor and the amount of current generated in the circuit with an ammeter.
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