Prosthetic devices replace missing body parts, from limbs to teeth, and have been used since ancient times. Modern technology has improved functionality and appearance, making it easier to participate in activities. Artificial organs like hearts and lungs also qualify as prosthetics.
Prosthetic devices are artificial components designed to replace a part of the human body that is missing, whether due to an accident or a birth defect. When it comes to prostheses, many people think only of artificial arms and legs. However, there are other types of prostheses in common use, such as dentures.
The exact origin of the prosthetic devices is not known. There is evidence dating back to ancient Egypt of hands, arms and feet fashioned to replace limbs lost in warfare or accidents. In some cases, the prosthetic devices were primarily intended to provide a function and didn’t look much like the body part they replaced. However, other devices have been created that have focused more on looks and less on function.
In modern times, prosthetic devices come in many different forms. Dentures were once made using wood and other products. While functional, they did not necessarily provide the appearance of a healthy set of teeth. Today, partial and full denture plates are often indistinguishable from real teeth. Technological advances have also made it possible to design custom implants for a more comfortable fit and superior appearance.
The progress of artificial limbs can be seen over the centuries. From a simple wooden peg to today’s intuitive prosthetic legs, technology has made it much easier to put on and use prosthetic legs. Artificial legs today can allow the individual to achieve perfect balance when walking or even running. Biosensors built into many devices make it easier to monitor leg movements, including tasks like sitting down, getting out of a chair, or climbing.
Prosthetic feet have also progressed over the last century. At one point, a prosthetic foot provided little more than a means for an individual to wear two shoes and walk with the aid of a cane. Modern innovations provide a range of motion for the foot that is very similar to that of a natural foot. The increased functionality also means that many people who wear an artificial foot don’t have to depend on a cane or other walking device to get around.
Today’s prosthetic limb selections no longer require choosing between function and appearance. Many artificial arms and legs can be covered with synthetic materials that mimic the look and feel of skin and musculature. While it is still possible to distinguish between prosthetic devices and natural limbs, the task usually requires closer observation to recognize the distinction. This combination of practical function and more pleasing appearance can make it possible to participate in many activities that the amputee would otherwise avoid.
Not all prostheses are located outside the body. Artificial hearts and lungs also qualify as prosthetics, allowing people who otherwise wouldn’t be able to go on living to enjoy at least a few more years. Gastric bands are also identified as prosthetic devices and can help many people in their quest for better health.
Prosthetics have come a long way since the mid-20th century. As further improvements are developed, the devices are likely to assist even more people as both the range and quality of devices continue to expand.
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