Rhetorical modes are ways of presenting an argument through speech or writing, derived from rhetoric. They vary in complexity, from simple descriptions to detailed arguments. Modes include narration, exposition, comparison, contrast, and argument, with the intention of persuading people to agree.
Rhetorical modes are ways of presenting an argument to others in writing or by means of speech. They are also known as modes of speech. The term “rhetorical mode” is collective for all these means and can refer to the type of rhetorical device used and also to the means of transmitting it to others.
All ways and means derive from rhetoric and an ancient art of representing an opinion to others. This is seen in the great classical orators such as Cicero. Rhetoric is primarily one-way, without discussion, and is a platform for conveying a person’s ideas, beliefs, or experiences. Great speakers are influential people who are able to change the way their listeners or readers think. This can be for the betterment of humanity or for the worse, as demonstrated by the contrast of Abraham Lincoln with Adolf Hitler, both extremely influential during their time.
The rhetorical modes used by speakers and writers vary in complexity. Simple rhetorical modes include simple descriptions and narratives. The more complex ones try to compare and contrast examples or give a detailed, if one-sided, argument on a particular topic.
Description takes a single idea, person or object and describes him/her. Provides a simple illustration of the topic without going into too much depth. The extended definition is a rhetorical mode that builds on the description and seeks to provide further detail and analysis. After a short introduction, the extended definition will use examples, provide history and background, and draw a conclusion.
Narration and exposition are rhetorical modes that tell a story. These can be short or long. Simple narratives combine related events or a single story and are often used to make a more/philosophical/political point or to provide inspiration, explanation or warning. Narrative occurs in speeches, but also in literary forms such as biography, autobiography and personal letters.
Compare and contrast are rhetorical modalities that take two or more subjects, people and ideas and compare them to each other. The writer or speaker uses comparison and contrast to find connections or differences. This mode employs more analysis and argumentation than the simpler ones.
Argument is perhaps the most recognizable rhetorical mode. It is most often employed by politicians such as Cicero or religious leaders such as the Pope to express a single point of view with the intention of persuading people to agree. An argument can be an educated guess or a fabricated attempt to persuade, but it usually includes examples, narratives, statistics, and analysis before drawing an unavoidable conclusion.
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