Atopy is a genetic predisposition to allergen hypersensitivity that often leads to atopic dermatitis, allergies, and asthma. Symptoms include rashes, itching, and skin discoloration. Treatment involves administering medications and reducing exposure to allergens. There is no definitive test for diagnosis. Complications include conjunctivitis and neurodermatitis.
In medicine, atopy is a genetic predisposition to allergen hypersensitivity that occurs in the presence of other related chronic conditions. Commonly associated with atopic dermatitis, individuals with atopic disease produce abnormally high levels of the immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody when exposed to certain environmental allergens, often resulting in pronounced skin irritation and inflammation. Treatment for atopy-induced skin inflammation involves administering topical and oral medications to relieve irritation. Proactive steps to reduce the presence of allergens in your environment are also recommended to reduce the severity of symptoms and flare-ups of atopic dermatitis.
The hereditary nature of atopy is such that individuals experiencing allergic skin irritation may also experience respiratory problems in response to their exposure to certain allergens. Individuals with atopic dermatitis are also often diagnosed with allergies and asthma, both of which can be triggered by ingested or inhaled allergen-specific stimuli. These related conditions generally present in early childhood and can continue into adulthood. The combination of dermatitis, allergies and asthma is commonly referred to as the triad of atopic dermatitis or atopic disease.
Individuals with atopic dermatitis can experience a variety of symptomatic manifestations anywhere on their body. Rashes and irritations are considered hallmark presentations of this form of atopy. Rashes often present with fluid-filled bumps and skin discoloration that cause intense itching, similar to that experienced with exposure to poison ivy or oak. Once the blisters break, the affected skin may take on a scaly appearance accentuated by crusting of the ulcerated tissue.
There is no definitive test used to confirm a diagnosis of atopy or atopic dermatitis other than a review of one’s medical history and a visual assessment of one’s skin. Those who are aware of their hypersensitivity to certain allergens are often encouraged to take proactive steps to reduce their chance of a reaction by avoiding known allergens or triggers. Some people may have increased sensitivity to certain cleaning products, materials or foods. Others may experience adverse reactions in the presence of environmental pollutants, such as cigarette smoke or smog. The presence of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria often plays a role in the severity of symptoms and may contribute to the development of impetigo.
Treatment for atopic dermatitis focuses on relieving symptoms and usually involves administering steroids, immunomodulators, and antihistamines to reduce inflammation, relieve itching, and suppress the immune system’s response to existing inflammation. If there is an infection, an antibiotic may be given to eliminate the existing bacterial presence and prevent reinfection. Topical medications can also be given in moderation to prevent chafing of the skin and relieve sensitivity. Complications associated with atopic dermatitis include conjunctivitis, or inflammation of the eye, and a thickening of the skin, known as neurodermatitis.
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