The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) protects people with disabilities from discrimination and barriers. It has five main sections, or titles, that cover employment, state and local government activities, private enterprise accessibility, telephone services, and federal agency guidance. The ADA was amended in 2008 to broaden its interpretation.
The Americans with Disabilities Act is a landmark piece of legislation whose primary purposes are to provide protection from discrimination to people with disabilities and to reduce or eliminate many of the barriers people with disabilities face on a daily basis. The Americans with Disabilities Act, often referred to as the ADA, was passed by the United States Congress and signed into law by President George HW Bush in 1990. The ADA was later amended through Congress’s approval of the ADA on amendments of the United States and signed into law by President George W. Bush in 2008. Since the passage of the ADA, the Supreme Court of the United States has often narrowly interpreted the provisions of the original law, which has made it more difficult for people disabled demonstrate that they have been discriminated against. The ADA Amendments Act of 2008 was therefore designed to broaden the interpretation of the original Americans with Disabilities Act.
The Americans with Disabilities Act is divided into five main sections, known as titles. Title I of the ADA essentially protects the right to work of people with disabilities by preventing most employers from discriminating against qualified applicants solely on the basis of a disability. According to the ADA, a disability is defined as a physical or mental impairment that adversely affects an individual’s activity. This does not mean that an employer is required to employ a person with a disability. It means that an employer cannot screen out a candidate who meets the job’s minimum requirements and is able to perform essential job functions with or without reasonable accommodations.
Title II of the American with Disabilities Act extends the protections provided by the ADA to employees of state and local governments and to activities and programs provided through state and local governments. Title II of the ADA ensures that state and local governments must comply with the provisions of the Americans with Disabilities Act. Title II also establishes guidelines aimed at increasing the accessibility of public transportation.
The third section of the ADA addresses the requirements and responsibilities that private enterprises with public access have under the law. Title III requires private enterprises such as shops, restaurants, shopping centres, cinemas, hospitality establishments and services such as transport companies to meet minimum requirements to increase accessibility for persons with disabilities. Title IV of the Act requires telephone companies to provide relay services, allowing people with hearing and speech impairments the ability to communicate over the telephone. The last section of the ADA, Title V, is primarily designed to provide guidance to federal agencies in implementing the Americans with Disabilities Act.
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