Tunnel systems require the work of geologists, surveyors, civil engineers, metallurgists, masons, and construction crews. They ensure safety, reliability, and maintenance. Private companies are often contracted for specialized work. Professionals take measurements, design structures, and construct roads and railways. Cooperation is key.
Dozens of different professionals are involved in the design, construction and maintenance of tunnel systems. Geologists, surveyors, civil engineers, metallurgists, masons and construction crews often put in hundreds of man hours to ensure a tunnel is safe, reliable and well maintained. Most tunnel jobs, especially those involving construction and maintenance of structures, are city government jobs, although private companies are often contracted to perform highly specialized work in new tunnel development.
Urban geologists and surveyors take measurements and record information about the area where a tunnel will be built. They calculate the proper length, width and height for a new tunnel and try to predict the risk of potential hazards such as landslides, rockfalls, earthquakes and collapsing support systems. Geologists also ensure that the construction of a new tunnel does not disturb the ecosystems or disturb the humans residing in the area.
Once an area of land is deemed safe and initial measurements are taken, civil engineers begin work on the design of the structure. Professionals determine the exact size and shape of the new tunnel, draw blueprints, calculate expected material and labor costs, and estimate the time needed to complete construction. They present their designs to city government authorities for authorization and begin scheduling the different phases of the construction process. Many civil engineers spend a significant amount of time at the construction site to oversee construction of new tunnels.
Many different types of skilled workers work on tunnel jobs that involve the actual construction of new structures. Highly trained blast workers and blasters take final measurements and calculate the exact amount of explosives needed to displace rock and soil. They carefully place and detonate explosives to clear a path for construction crews. Metallurgists and metal fabricators assemble and install large beams, trusses and columns to provide the basic structure for the tunnel. Some professionals cut, shape and bend materials in specialized workshops, according to blueprints, and others lift, weld and screw them on site.
Professional cement and rebar masons carry out very important tunnel work. They first create metal or wood forms to provide the framework for concrete panels and columns. Workers pour cement onto the reinforced metal bars in the forms and allow it to dry. Cement masons clean off any excess concrete and smooth out the finished panels.
Other tunneling jobs involve building and maintaining roads or railways that travel through structures. Construction crews clear floors, pave roads and paint lines, and electricians are hired to run power lines and install lights. Building a reliable structure involves extensive communication and cooperation between professionals on all tunneling jobs.
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