Third-degree heart block is a condition where the heartbeat becomes disorganized, often caused by ischemic heart disease. Treatment usually involves an artificial pacemaker, and exercise and a balanced diet can help reduce the risk of developing heart problems.
Third-degree heart block is a heart disorder in which the heartbeat becomes disorganized because the pacemaker signal generated in the atria is not passed to the ventricles, allowing the atria and ventricles to beat independently. It is usually necessary to treat this condition with an artificial pacemaker to regulate the heartbeat. The most common cause of third-degree heart block is ischemic heart disease, in which blood flow to the heart muscle is cut off and parts of the heart are damaged as a result.
In a healthy individual, the heartbeat originates in the sinus node (SA node) and travels through the ventricles, coordinating the heartbeat. In a person with some degree of heart block, the signal is interrupted or slowed down. In the case of third degree heart block, also known as complete heart block, the signal does not pass at all. A secondary natural pacemaker in the ventricles fires on its own, causing them to beat in an entirely different rhythm.
A third-degree heart block patient will experience symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, and excessive sweating. On an EKG you will see two different patterns, reflecting the uncoordinated efforts of the atria and ventricles. Medications may be given or withdrawn, if the medications are causing the heart block. Artificial pacing, usually first with a temporary pacemaker, is often used to stabilize the heartbeat. If the patient does not improve on their own, a permanent pacemaker may be implanted to regulate the patient’s heart rhythm.
With a mechanical pacemaker in place, a patient with third-degree heart block should be stable and able to engage in normal activities once the pacemaker has recovered. A doctor may recommend that you slowly resume regular activities to give your body time to adjust. Exercise such as swimming or walking can be helpful in staying active after heart surgery and keeping your cardiovascular system as healthy as possible.
People with a history of heart problems are more at risk of developing third-degree heart block. Cardiovascular conditions known to cause ischemia, such as coronary artery disease, are a significant risk factor. Managing heart conditions and promoting cardiovascular health with exercise and a balanced diet will help patients reduce the risk of developing heart problems and limit the severity of ongoing heart problems. It is also advisable to see a doctor regularly for an evaluation to determine if the patient’s condition is changing and to make adjustments to the treatment plan accordingly.
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