5-HTP is a chemical produced by the brain and sold as a supplement, derived from an African plant. It increases serotonin production and is used to treat various conditions, but its safety and efficacy are unknown, and it has potential side effects and harmful interactions with certain medications and supplements.
The chemical 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), or oxytriptan, is produced by human brain cells, but it is also sold in the form of commercially created supplements. As a dietary supplement, it is used for a wide variety of medical and mental disorders, although its safety and efficacy are unknown. This supplement is associated with numerous potential side effects and may cause harmful interactions in combination with certain other medications or supplements.
As a byproduct of the amino acid L-tryptophan, 5-HTP works in the brain to increase the production of serotonin. It is believed to be significantly more effective at converting serotonin than L-tryptophan. Commercial preparations sold as dietary supplements are derived from the seeds of an African plant called Griffonia simplicifolia.
Serotonin levels can influence appetite, sleep, and the sensation of pain; therefore, 5-HTP has been used to treat a variety of conditions. Although research results have been conflicting or inconclusive, it is believed that this chemical may be beneficial for treating sleep disorders, fibromyalgia, PMS, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and binge eating, among other health problems. Oxitriptan has also been studied as a treatment for frequent and severe migraine or tension headaches. As a mood enhancer, 5-HTP can be used to help with some psychological conditions, such as depression and anxiety.
Medicinally, 5-HTP has potential for use in reducing psychotic symptoms and mania in schizophrenia and other mental disorders. It is sometimes given to supplement the effects of medications prescribed for seizure disorders and Parkinson’s disease. Additionally, it has been investigated as a way to lessen withdrawal symptoms associated with alcoholism.
The effectiveness of 5-HTP has been questioned due to a lack of conclusive research in most areas. Also, a person should consult with their doctor before taking this supplement, due to numerous safety concerns. Prolonged use could cause seizures in some users. It is not recommended for children and should not be used during pregnancy or lactation. Some people may experience an allergy to this supplement; Symptoms include rash, itching, and shortness of breath.
Serotonin’s tendency to reduce appetite is why two possible side effects of 5-HTP are weight loss and anorexia. Use of this supplement is sometimes associated with eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome, which involves blood abnormalities and extreme muscle tenderness. Gastrointestinal side effects are also possible, such as heartburn, diarrhea, nausea or vomiting, upset stomach, bloating, or intestinal gas. Potentially negative interactions could occur with prescription medications, including some antidepressants, or with other supplements such as S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) and St. John’s wort.
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