Bariatric specialists treat obesity and related conditions, including diabetes, cancer, and heart disease. Treatment includes lifestyle changes, medication, and sometimes surgery. Nurses caring for bariatric patients must consider mobility and respiratory issues.
A bariatric specialist is a doctor who specializes in treating obese patients and conditions related to their weight. Bariatric medicine professionals include physicians, physician assistants and nurses. These experts also focus on the prevention and causes of obesity. The word “bariatric” was coined in 1965 from a German word that translates into English as “big”.
Obesity, being at least 20% overweight, is a condition that can lead to other diseases and health problems, including several that can be fatal. It is necessary for a bariatric specialist to be specially trained in these conditions and the ways in which weight can affect them. Obesity itself can also be fatal.
Diseases that can be caused or exacerbated by obesity include diabetes, some cancers, arthritis, stroke, high blood pressure, gout, heart disease, and sleep apnea. Obesity can also increase a person’s chances of developing stress incontinence, ulcers or skin sores, and gallbladder and respiratory disease. The treatment provided by a bariatric specialist can vary, but generally includes exercise, diet and other lifestyle changes, medications, and sometimes surgery.
A bariatric specialist oversees the patient’s weight loss and nutrition plan to ensure that the patient is receiving adequate amounts of vitamins and minerals, as well as limiting caloric intake. A psychological component can also be part of the treatment, especially if a patient overeats due to emotional needs. Prescription drugs to help a patient lose weight can be used for a short period.
Bariatric surgery, sometimes called gastric bypass surgery, is an option, but only in extreme cases. When surgery is recommended, a bariatric specialist works closely with a bariatric surgeon to ensure that the patient is receiving proper care. Patients undergoing bariatric surgery must also adopt dietary and lifestyle changes for the results to be permanent.
Nurses specializing in the care of bariatric patients have special considerations when dealing with the treatment. A patient’s weight can make some types of movement difficult, and this can lead to falls and injuries. In a hospital setting, these nurses may ensure breathing aids are available for patients suffering from sleep apnea, or more robust, size-appropriate wheelchairs and other devices are available for patients with mobility issues.
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