Base material is used to support paved surfaces and can include aggregate and binding agents like asphalt or tar. It provides insulation and structural support, and can prevent damage from heavy loads and seismic activity. The depth and composition depend on factors like soil conditions and weather. Installers compact the soil and apply the base material before paving. Binding agents can contribute to pollution.
A base material is a gravel-based substance used to support a paved surface. Contractors install foundation material between the ground and a new roadway, driveway, parking lot, or sidewalk. The base materials not only help paving crews create smoother, more stable roads, but they also act as an insulating layer to reduce the effects of frost and freezing temperatures. While the base material can vary based on the application, most include some form of aggregate combined with a binding agent, such as asphalt or tar. Many modern mixes also include environmentally friendly components such as recycled cement, shredded tires or other sustainable products.
This type of basic construction can be found under many different types of paved surfaces. It is used under paved roads or parking lots as well as concrete patios and walkways. Many homeowners also add a layer of base material under a paver-based patio or pool. Some very small or temporary paved surfaces may not require a base coat.
A well-constructed road base offers a number of advantages over unsupported road surfaces. The base material protects the ground from damage due to construction work or heavy traffic. It also minimizes damage to the roadway surface by reducing the risk of cracks, chips and other signs of deterioration. A paving base also provides structural support to the surface above and helps distribute heavy loads over a larger area. Many material foundations can even prevent pavement damage caused by small ground displacements and seismic activity.
The total depth and composition of the material base depends on factors such as soil conditions, total loads to be supported and even weather conditions. The installers start by digging the ground to make room for the base, then compacting the soil using a large compacting machine. Subsequently, the base materials are applied to the soil and compacted once more before paving can proceed. Some projects also require a moisture or vapor barrier above or below the base to reduce the risk of water damage.
Depending on the application, builders may use loose base material such as rocks and gravel to support a paved surface. In other cases, the aggregate must be mixed with a binder to improve stability, strength and longevity. Most of these binding agents are derived from crude oil, although some experiments have been performed using crude oil slurries and industrial by-products instead of virgin materials. Installers should use caution when adding these binding agents as they may contribute to soil and water pollution in some areas.
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