Belleville washers, also known as conical spring or cup spring washers, are compact springs used to add flexibility to bolted joints. They can be made from materials such as stainless steel and are designed to withstand pressure without warping. They come in various sizes and coatings to increase corrosion resistance.
A Belleville washer is a type of compact spring in the shape of a washer. Other terms for this item include “conical spring washer”, “conical disc spring”, “cup spring washer” and “Belleville spring”. These washers are used for many applications and can be constructed from a variety of materials including stainless steel. They are often used to add flexibility to bolted joints. Stacking one Belleville washer on top of another in a certain orientation will affect deflection.
Belleville washers are used to solve many problems, such as thermal expansion, bolt creep and vibration related problems. A Belleville washer is designed to generate a large amount of force in a short, compact spring design. Once compressed, a conical disc spring offers great force with minimal movement. A properly constructed Belleville washer will not relax much even when under pressure for a period of time. They are designed to withstand years of regular compression without warping.
Most Belleville washers are constructed of steel types such as carbon steel and stainless steel. A type of steel called 18-8 stainless steel is one of the more popular types of stainless steel that manufacturers use to create Belleville washers. This type of non-magnetic steel contains 18% chromium and 8% nickel. Chromium and nickel increase the corrosion resistance of steel.
Carbon steels contain more carbon than other types of steel. They are easily molded, forged, machined, cast and shaped. Carbon increases the hardness and overall strength of a Bellville washer.
The Medium Belleville Washer is designed with an outer coating to enhance the desirable properties of the base metal of the washer. Coatings of inorganic aluminum and zinc compounds help to increase the washer’s electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance. Most conical lock washers made of carbon steel feature zinc phosphate coatings to increase corrosion resistance. Nickel plating leaves a Belleville washer with a smooth, even finish. Adding nickel plating to a washer increases the overall corrosion resistance of the spring.
Belleville washers are built to match the dimensions of most traditional screws. They range in diameter from approximately 0.2-2.5 inches (4.75-63.5 mm). The diameter of the hole in the middle typically measures about 0.1-1.0 inch (2.54-25.4 mm).
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