A belt filter separates liquids from solids in industrial applications such as wastewater treatment. Materials are fed into the machine and separated by a series of belts running on rollers. The process involves three sections: gravitational component, preparation stage, and belt system. Chemicals can be used to facilitate separation, and spray bars are used to clean the belts.
A belt filter is a machine used in many industrial applications to separate liquids from solids. It is often used in wastewater treatment and filtration to obtain reclaimed water or to safely dispose of harmful solids. The machine is so named because it uses a belt or series of belts running on rollers to separate materials. Materials are fed into the belt filter from a hopper and the belts run through several rollers in a sparse pattern. During the processing of the strips, materials, solids and liquids are separated and the solid matter can be scraped off the strips and fed into a container system.
While the specific configuration of the band filter can vary from machine to machine, most filters can be divided into three sections: The first section is the gravitational component, where the liquid can naturally flow away from the material. Vacuum pumps can be used at this stage to facilitate faster removal of liquids. The second section of the belt filter process is a preparation stage, where materials are prepared for compression or pressure application. The third and final section is a belt system where varying degrees of pressure are applied to the materials for the most adequate separation.
Before the sludge or material is fed into the machine, it can be treated with a chemical which will further facilitate the separation of liquids and solids. The gravity feed zone, where the liquid is initially drained of the solids using the forces of gravity and a vacuum, will often consist of a rapidly rotating drum or vacuum cylinder that draws the water downwards. A high percentage of the liquid will be discharged into the band filter during this phase. Once this initial stage is completed, the materials will be fed from the web into the roll set.
Initial rollers are large diameter components that apply light to medium pressure. This pushes the remaining liquid out and prepares the material for further pressurization. The next set of rollers will have increasingly smaller diameters, allowing higher levels of pressure to be applied to materials. When the belts have fed the materials through the rollers, most of the liquid will have been removed and the solid form materials can be ejected from the machine. Spray bars should be used to continuously clean the belts with fresh water to prevent sticking and cake buildup.
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