Biological science involves research in botany, zoology, microbiology, ecology, and more. Biological scientists specialize in a particular field, conducting research to learn about cells and organisms, develop drugs and vaccines, promote public health policy, or protect the environment. They may conduct laboratory research, clinical studies, or field investigations, and typically have advanced degrees. To become a biological scientist, one must earn at least a bachelor’s degree and gain experience through internships or fellowships.
Biological science is a vast field that incorporates research in botany, zoology, environmental science, microbiology, ecology, and many other disciplines that deal with nature and the living world. A biological scientist usually specializes in a particular field, conducting extensive research to learn more about cells and organisms, develop drugs and vaccines, promote public health policy, or protect the environment. Professionals usually have advanced degrees and work in private research laboratories, universities, biotechnology companies, government agencies, hospitals, or non-profit environmental organizations.
A biological scientist may conduct laboratory research, clinical studies, field investigations, or all three to discover the properties of nature and organisms. Laboratory scientists often use highly specialized equipment to analyze microorganisms and live tissue samples. Professionals try to understand the structure and function of cells to advance scientific knowledge and develop new products and drugs. Many specialists become involved in genetic research, where they study the characteristics of DNA and intracellular structures to learn how cells reproduce, combine and use proteins to form living creatures.
Clinical studies involving plants, animals and humans are essential for understanding the physical properties and behaviors of large organisms. A biological scientist might want to investigate the physiological effects of an experimental drug or find out why neurological problems arise in certain people. He or she typically works with a team of other researchers to design tests, analyze findings, and write scientific papers about the results.
A scientist conducting field research may spend hours, days, or even weeks investigating an area and collecting samples for further analysis in the laboratory. Many field scientists work for government agencies and environmental protection companies, where they study ecosystems, determine pollution levels, and develop strategies to help improve conditions. Many professionals give lectures on the importance of sustainability and environmental protection, and some scientists are actively involved in clean-up efforts and awareness campaigns. It is common for a biological scientist to become involved with community development and political campaigns in order to provide expert information on environmental policy.
A person who wants to become a biological scientist is usually required to earn at least a bachelor’s degree from an accredited four-year college or university. Many scientists, especially those who wish to conduct independent research, hold master’s or doctoral degrees in their specialties. After graduation, most biological scientists work as interns or fellows at a university or private institution to gain first-hand experience under the supervision of established professionals. Individuals who show promise in the field, conduct important research, and publish significant work are often given the opportunity to become leading researchers by designing and carrying out their own projects.
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