Arterial blood gas (ABG) tests measure blood oxygen uptake, lung and kidney function, and pH levels. ABG tests carry some risk of complications and should be discussed with a healthcare professional. Elevated carbon dioxide levels may indicate respiratory failure, while low levels can indicate respiratory alkalosis. ABG tests can also detect metabolic and respiratory conditions, such as acidosis, and no preparatory steps are usually needed. Risks include infection, excessive bleeding, and dizziness.
ABG is a diagnostic tool used to identify and evaluate certain conditions. Typically given to assess blood oxygen uptake, the test can also be used to assess lung and kidney function. Commonly known as an arterial blood gas (ABG) test, this diagnostic test carries some risk of complications and these should be discussed with a qualified healthcare professional before the test is administered.
The application of an arterial blood gas test is generally to measure blood gas levels, namely oxygen and carbon dioxide. The arterial blood sample can also be evaluated for blood pH (acid-base balance) levels and hemoglobin content. pH levels are indicative of the acidity of the blood and can be interpreted to evaluate organ function. Hemoglobin is a protein-based substance found in red blood cells that serves as the body’s main oxygen distributor and can be analyzed for its oxygen content.
Arterial blood is drawn from an artery, located in the wrist or arm, with a small needle that remains in place until a sufficient sample is obtained. Once the needle is withdrawn, pressure is applied for a few minutes before a bandage is placed over the puncture site. After the test, the individual may be monitored for a short period of time for the potential development of any complications, including circulatory problems. Arterial blood draws differ from traditional blood draws using veins in that arterial puncture can induce a momentary throbbing or cramping sensation.
The most frequent application of an ABG is in pulmonary function testing and monitoring of individuals receiving regular respiratory therapy or oxygen. The test evaluates the efficiency of carbon dioxide filtration by the lungs, as well as the circulation of oxygenated blood. As a means of assessing lung function, ABG test results demonstrating elevated carbon dioxide levels may be indicative of respiratory failure. Low carbon dioxide levels are often present with respiratory alkalosis, a condition induced by insufficient breathing, as often occurs with chronic hyperventilation or shortness of breath. Any abnormal ABG test result usually requires further testing to verify.
Individuals with suspected diabetes-induced complications, such as ketoacidosis, may have a blood gas test to evaluate blood ketone levels. If a person’s blood oxygen levels are inadequate, they can develop a condition known as lactic acidosis. Triggering a buildup of lactic acid in the bloodstream, this condition can be detected by the presence of marked and insufficient oxygen levels and a high percentage of lactic acid. Metabolic and respiratory conditions, such as acidosis, can be detected during a blood gas analysis due to the presence of a blood pH imbalance that can also be indicative of compromised or compromised kidney or lung function.
No preparatory steps are usually needed for an arterial blood gas analysis. Individuals on respiratory therapy may be given specific instructions prior to administering the test. Some individuals may develop bruising or a hematoma just below the puncture site. Risks associated with this diagnostic test can include infection, excessive bleeding, and dizziness.
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