A bill of materials is a list of parts used to build a product, similar to a recipe. It is essential for record-keeping, product repairs, and ordering spare parts. An example BOM for a chest freezer includes components for the door, cabinet, and system.
A bill of materials is a list that specifies the parts used to build a product. When a company manufactures a product, it must keep track of the materials and components used in its creation. This list must be included with the product before shipping it to a merchandiser, customer or buyer. Usually, it is included in the package in which the product is shipped.
In a way, a BOM is similar to a recipe, and every ingredient used is listed. Strict record keeping is the key rule for creating a BOM, as no item can be ignored. This is largely because the list can be used later to narrow down possible problems if product repairs are needed. Also, a BOM is essential for ordering spare parts.
To get an idea of what information is listed in a BOM, it helps to look at an example list for a chest freezer. The components of the chest freezer are divided into three parts: door, cabinet and system. Each of these parts also contains a materials list.
For the door, the BOM includes a white door seal, lock assembly, key lock, inner lid panel, outer door panel, push button, screw washers, panel clips, and insulation. While that may mean little to a layman, someone with knowledge of appliances can quickly identify problems and find replacement parts if or when the time comes by looking at the bill of materials. The freezer cabinet is next on the list and contains the switch ends, frame, nameplate, temperature control knob, temperature control indicator, screw hinges, switch corners, hinge assemblies, switch hinge, screws, owners manual, parts list, touch up paint, BOM sheet, and panel access.
Finally, there is a BOM for the freezer system. System materials include condenser, dryer, filter, electrical harness, clip springs, screws, washer heads, o-rings, compressor, compressor electrical, starter motor, overload protector, harness, compressor cover, wires of earth, fasteners and energy guide. Screws are also listed separately by size, making it easier for the repair person to find the exact replacement screw needed.
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