Bronchospasm is a constriction of the bronchi that can occur in people of any age, but is especially dangerous in infants. It is often caused by asthma, emphysema, bronchitis, and severe allergic reactions. Symptoms include coughing, difficulty breathing, and chest pain. Treatment includes bronchodilator drugs and identifying potential triggers. Severe episodes can be life-threatening and require emergency medical attention.
Bronchospasm is a constriction or spasm of the bronchi. Bronchi refer to the two tubes that branch from the trachea to the lungs. Typically, bronchospasm occurs in people of any age, however it can be especially threatening in infants. In general, bronchospasm occurs more frequently in those suffering from asthma and bronchitis. Symptoms can range from mild to severe, however, many available treatments offer quick and dramatic relief.
Generally, the causes include asthma, emphysema and bronchitis. Furthermore, severe allergic reactions and anaphylactic shock can induce acute bronchospasm. Sometimes, lung irritants such as chemicals, dust, and smoke can aggravate already nervous airways and cause symptoms. In some individuals, infections, exercise, and emotional distress can contribute to an episode. Exercise-induced asthma is a common medical condition and, if left untreated, can contribute to acute spasm of the bronchi.
Typically, symptoms include a severe cough, increased mucus production, which often becomes sticky and thick, and difficulty clearing mucus from the lungs. Also, breathing problems, shortness of breath, and wheezing may occur. Sometimes, patients will experience chest pain and extreme anxiety. The breathing rate can sometimes increase to compensate for the inability to get air in and out of the lungs.
Usually, treatment for bronchospasm includes bronchodilator drugs that open up the airways, allowing for easier breathing. These medications are typically fast-acting and usually begin relieving symptoms in about ten minutes. Bronchodilators work by relaxing the muscles in the airways and opening them up. Medications for acute spasms can be given by inhalation, orally, or by injection.
Sometimes surgery may be able to prevent acute spasm. Identifying potential irritants or allergens that may trigger an attack can help reduce its frequency. Also, since asthma is a common cause of bronchial spasms, taking prescription asthma medications can prevent attacks. Sometimes your doctor may prescribe anti-inflammatory medications as an ongoing treatment plan in an effort to minimize bronchial swelling.
Often, anxiety can exacerbate acute spasms of the respiratory system. This can cause hyperventilation and promote an increase in shortness of breath. In some cases, the doctor may prescribe anti-anxiety medications for those who may be anxious in an effort to reduce nervousness and resulting shortness of breath. Severe episodes of acute bronchial spasms can be life-threatening and may require emergency medical evaluation and subsequent treatment.
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