A choroid cyst is a harmless accumulation of fluid in the brain, commonly seen in fetuses and sometimes in adults. It can be associated with genetic abnormalities, but further testing is only recommended if other risk factors are present. Parents should discuss their options with a doctor before making any decisions.
A choroid cyst is a small accumulation of fluid in the choroid plexus, a structure in the brain that produces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Choroidal cysts are most commonly identified as an ultrasound finding and are indeed not uncommon, being seen in approximately one to two percent of fetuses. Adults can also sometimes have a choroidal cyst and be completely unaware of it, although in detailed imaging studies of the brain it will show up as a small bubble of fluid.
Also known as a choroid plexus cyst, a choroid cyst isn’t harmful, although it might sound scary, as the words “cyst” and “brain” generally aren’t what people like to hear used in the same sentence. In fetuses, they are usually identified during a second trimester ultrasound and often resolve on their own within 28 weeks. These cysts usually form due to benign abnormalities that occur during development and have no impact on brain formation.
The problem with a choroid cyst is that it can be associated with genetic abnormalities, most commonly trisomy 18. Having a choroid cyst doesn’t mean a fetus has a genetic abnormality, but it can be a warning sign when combined with other factors. If an expectant mother is under 35, she is in good health and with no obvious risks, a doctor cannot recommend any additional action, beyond monitoring the choroid cyst and developing fetus with routine ultrasound.
If a doctor thinks a fetus may be at risk for abnormalities, a more detailed ultrasound may be recommended to gather more information. The possibility of an amniocentesis can also be discussed. Patients should be aware that there are some risks to an amniocentesis that should be weighed before getting the procedure. A doctor can provide more information about the risks and benefits of the procedure and can refer parents to a genetic counselor so they can talk about possible outcomes and their implications.
The important thing to remember if a doctor identifies a choroidal cyst during pregnancy is that the fetus may be perfectly healthy and the cyst will likely resolve on its own. While a choroidal cyst can be an indicator of a problem with the fetus, parents should avoid jumping to conclusions about the finding. Discussing your options with a doctor before making any decisions about whether or not to pursue the additional tests is a great idea.
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