A code of ethics is a set of guidelines for acceptable behavior in a group or profession, often used in sensitive areas. It establishes standards of behavior and can increase trust. It includes a general introduction, specific standards of behavior, and procedures for handling complaints. It can be used in business to ensure responsible behavior and may be required for employment. Many people also have a personal code of ethics.
A code of ethics is a set of guidelines designed to establish acceptable behavior for members of a particular group, association or profession. Many organizations govern themselves with such a code, especially when dealing with sensitive issues such as investments, healthcare or interactions with other cultures. In addition to establishing a professional standard, a code of ethics can also increase trust in an organization by showing outsiders that members of the organization are committed to following basic ethical guidelines in the course of performing their jobs.
The format of a code of ethics can vary widely. Unlike simpler employee guidelines and codes, this document usually begins with a section that defines the purpose, aspirations, and goals of the parent organization. For example, the 2002 code of ethics for the American Psychological Association (APA) begins: “Psychologists are committed to increasing scientific and professional knowledge of behavior and people’s understanding of themselves and others and to the use of such knowledge to improve the condition of individuals, organizations and societies”.
After a general introduction to an organization’s function and objectives, a section is devoted to setting specific standards of behavior for members. This section usually covers potential ethical issues such as confidentiality, bias or misuse of information. In addition to addressing theoretical ethical minefields, a code of ethics often contains a section outlining procedures for handling complaints, both externally and within the organization.
A well-written code of ethics will be easy to follow and very clear, with sections people can point to to illustrate specific issues. In the sense of organizations like the APA, members agree to uphold the code both because it is good practice and because it promotes their organization. A code of ethics also underlies most scientific experimentation, ensuring that the results are valid and that the tests have been performed ethically.
In the business world, some companies like to use a code of ethics to ensure their employees act responsibly. Such business may also be viewed more favorably by members of the public, which means that a code of ethics is a sound business decision. Adhesion to a code can also be requested for the continuation of the working activity; an employee handbook may include a clearly outlined code of ethics, for example, with a note that non-compliance is grounds for termination.
Many people also live by a personal code of ethics. While this may not be spelled out clearly, you may have some strong personal beliefs about various issues that help guide your choices in life. Some people believe that having a strong personal code of ethics and sticking to it is a very important tool for maintaining personal integrity.
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