Coil springs are cylindrical or cone-shaped devices with varying numbers of coils used to absorb impact or resist compressive or tensile forces. They are made of specially hardened wires and can be used as compression or tensioning elements, or for percussive impact in various applications.
A coil spring is a coiled mechanical device that stores and releases energy to absorb impact or shock and to resist compressive or tensile forces between objects. It is typically cylindrical in shape and has a varying number of coils depending on its intended use. The wires used to manufacture coil springs are usually specially hardened after their construction to give the spring its compression characteristics. The tags or wire ends can be cut flush with the coils or extend beyond the spring axis as attachment points. Coil springs are generally used in several distinct applications.
A coil spring is typically a cylinder-shaped spring with any number of progressive coils. Coil springs can also be cone-shaped depending on their intended use, but still follow the same basic design as the progressive coil. These springs are usually formed around steel jigs while the wire is still annealed or soft, then tempered or hardened to produce the spring and resistive qualities of the finished spring. With extended use the temper can be degraded to the point where the coil spring stretches or sags and no longer works. Depending on the financial implications, a worn spring can be replaced or re-tempered to restore its original characteristics.
Coil springs are generally used in two different applications. The first is the role of the compression spring which offers resistance to the forces moving two components towards each other. Typical applications are car suspension and mattress springs. Compression springs typically have the ends cut so that they sit flush with the last few coils on each end, allowing for easy assembly.
The second common use of the coil spring is as a tensioning element. The springs used in this role resist the forces that pull two objects away from each other. A couple of common applications of extension springs include spring scales and door closers. The ends of a tension spring extend beyond the axis of the spring and are typically fitted with a ring to allow for attachment.
The coil spring can also be used in applications where the energy stored in a compressed spring imparts a percussive impact. These applications typically see the percussive work piece pulled back against the spring tension, then released to strike another object. This cycle can be completed in a single action, or the firing pin can be locked in place with the spring under tension for later use. Common examples of these uses include firearm firing pins, anti-personnel ordinance detonators, and automatic center punches.
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