A compressor bypass valve relieves pressure from the intake system on engines, found in turbocharged and supercharged automobile engines, aircraft engines, and some train engine designs. It helps route pressure generated within the engine to the non-pressurized end of the intake system and prevents compressor surges. The valve’s primary function is to allow pressure to escape during the operating segment when the throttle plate is closed. The compressor bypass valve was first designed in the AEM, an electric vehicle developed in France in 1924.
Sometimes referred to as a compressor relief valve, a compressor bypass valve is a mechanical device that uses the action of a vacuum to relieve pressure from the intake system on various types of engines. Found in the design of many turbocharged and supercharged automobile engines, bypass valves are also found in the engines of various types of aircraft and some train engine designs as well. Developed in the early 20th century, the efficiency and use of the compressor bypass valve have been refined over the years.
Designed to function like a vacuum-actuated valve, the compressor bypass valve helps route pressure generated within a turbocharged or supercharged engine to the non-pressurized end of the intake system. At the same time, pressure is not reintroduced to the mass air flow sensor, so valve action does not inhibit the overall efficiency of air use in creating power and motion. However, the bypass valve makes it possible for the intake system to avoid generating compressor surges that could cause pressure spikes that would weaken the overall intake process.
The primary function of the compressor bypass valve is to allow pressure to escape during the operating segment when the throttle plate is closed. Without the presence of the valve to allow pressure to be redirected, the pressurized air would simply hit the plate, build up, and eventually be repelled back into the turbo. This strong wave of pressurized air would not only create additional wear on the turbo itself, but would also slow down and possibly stop the turbo action altogether.
One of the first designs for the compressor bypass valve was included in the AEM, a design for an electric vehicle developed in France and released in 1924. Since then, the compressor bypass valve has been improved, allowing the basic function of valve to easily adapt to larger and more powerful engines.
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