Computer network diagrams represent the physical and logical topology of a network, and are essential for troubleshooting and decision-making. They can focus on physical or logical topology, and are useful for both small and large networks.
A computer network diagram is a mechanical drawing or electronically generated image that represents the physical and logical topology of a network. Networks can be peer-to-peer and include just two devices, such as a pair of personal computers (PCs), sharing data and resources and covering a small area. The network design diagram for such a setup would be a simple drawing or picture showing the two computers and the interconnect cable.
Drawing up a computer network diagram is typically considered essential, particularly when many devices are involved and cover large areas. Engineers and administrators responsible for design, maintenance and safety can be helped by network diagrams. If a device such as a router, switch or hub malfunctions, problems will arise in the transmission of data through the network. These occurrences are reported to administrators who typically need to locate the source of the problem as quickly as possible. The computer network diagram can help them navigate the network while searching for the problem.
Not all administrators are physically in close proximity to the physical networks for which they are responsible. That’s why network diagrams can be essential for carrying out their functions. Using these drawings, they can typically visualize the physical and logical topology, enabling them to make vital decisions. It is common for large computer networks to be divided into subnetworks which are also usually schematized in a way that narrows down the concentration to a specific section.
A computer network diagram that focuses on physical topology serves as a map for administrators and engineers just as a map of a city helps civil engineers. Wide area networks (WAN) and local area networks (LAN) are often made up of many different components. In addition to network devices such as routers and switches, there may be a large number of hubs, servers and printers. Knowing where each of these devices is located can help facilitate troubleshooting and the decisions that need to be made during the required expansion of a network.
Conversely, a computer network diagram that focuses on logical topology serves as a pictorial explanation of the method by which data is transported across a network. These network diagrams may or may not represent the physical topology. For example, token ring networks transmit data by passing a token that travels in a ring, or circle, from one device to another. This does not mean that the hardware that makes up a token ring network has to be physically arranged in a circular fashion. All devices could physically exist in a linear arrangement, but still carry data in a token-ring fashion.
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