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Congressional bills are proposals for new laws in the US, with two types: public and private. Any citizen can write a bill, but it must be introduced by a member of Congress. Bills go through committees, then both the House and Senate, and may be reconciled by a conference committee. The US Congress also uses joint, concurrent, and simple resolutions.
A congressional bill is a type of proposal that can be introduced as the first step towards creating a new law in the United States. There are two types of congressional bills: public and private. A public bill is one that affects the general population and is the most common type of congressional bill. An invoice that relates to a private entity or specified individual is a private invoice. Regardless of the type of bill, the process for turning a bill into law is the same.
In the United States, any citizen can write a bill in Congress, but the author must appeal to a member of the House of Representatives or Senate to introduce it to Congress. Each bill receives a label to indicate which chamber it originated from, along with a number. Congressional bills can be introduced in either house of Congress, except for revenue-raising bills, which must come from the House.
Once a member of the House or Senate sponsors a congressional bill, it is then sent to a committee or subcommittee related to the subject, where it will be studied. Hearings may be called and witnesses questioned as part of this process. After a vote, the bill is forwarded by the subcommittee, if so assigned, to the full committee, where it is debated again. If the full committee passes, it moves on to full house, House, or Senate consideration.
A congressional bill must pass both the Senate and the House of Representatives by a simple majority. If there are differences between the version of the bill passed by the House and the version passed by the Senate, those differences are worked out by a conference committee. A final bill is then returned to the House and Senate for yet another pass vote. If it passes, it passes to the president.
In addition to congressional bills, the US Congress does its job using three different types of resolutions – joint, concurrent or simple – which can also be introduced. A joint resolution is very similar to a congressional bill, in most cases, but is typically used for different purposes, such as declaring war. A concurrent resolution does not have the force of law, but is instead used to regulate matters that directly affect the functioning of the House and Senate. Like a concurrent resolution, a simple resolution is related to congressional operations, but affects only one chamber rather than both.
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