Conservation biology studies ecosystems to protect plant and animal species from extinction. Conservation biologists collect data and study results to apply them to modern conservation efforts. They also participate in studies and experiments to link risk and extinction to human-controlled activities. The goal is to ensure a healthy planet with biodiversity for the continued existence of humans.
Conservation biology is a focused sub-discipline of biology that studies Earth’s ecosystems in order to help protect plant and animal species from risk and extinction. As evidence of massive extinctions became abundant in the late 20th century, some scientists decided to focus their research on finding accurate data about extinctions and using that knowledge to repopulate or save vital species. In addition to helping in the fight to save species from extinction, some conservation biologists also aim to ensure that Earth remains a viable habitat for humanity by continuing much-needed biodiversity.
A conservation biologist usually has a scientific background in ecology, biology, zoology or natural history. Although some universities offer biology programs with an emphasis on conservation studies, the designation “conservation biologist” is generally not a title earned by taking a defined course. Often the term refers to a scientist interested in collecting data and studying results and applying them to modern conservation efforts. A conservation biologist may also choose to pursue studies in conservation and environmental sciences, to better prepare for the professional world.
There are several basic areas in which a scientist can help with conservation efforts. In surveys, scientific teams count and estimate population numbers, using visual data and even mathematical formulas to get an accurate idea of species numbers. Behavioral biologists study patterns of behavior common to a species, including predator-prey relationships and a species’ dependence on its environment. By collecting behavioral and population data over several years or decades, scientists can see how a species changes over time. This data is essential for determining the health of a population, as well as providing clues about what factors are impacting its continued existence on the planet.
Many conservation biologists are actively involved with political and scientific groups that aim to help world leaders in environmental policy making. By participating in studies and experiments, scientists can find vital data that link risk and extinction to certain human-controlled activities, such as deforestation, land and sea pollution, and poaching. A conservation biologist may also publish material that educates citizens and political leaders about the effects of human activity on other species and the importance of biodiversity to human life.
The goal of many conservation scientists is to ensure the secure future of a healthy planet teeming with biodiversity. While critics dismiss the countryside as overemotional terrain for activists, many argue that maintaining the health of Earth’s plant and animal life also allows for the continued existence of humans. By studying the diversity and interaction of species ranging from bees to blue whales, a conservation biologist can very well protect the future of the planet.
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