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A digital voltmeter is a device used to measure the relative output voltage of electronic appliances, and is important for anyone doing electrical work. Digital models are considered superior to analog models, and can measure voltages from picovolts to megavolts and frequencies between zero and several megahertz. They are used in a variety of applications, from electromechanical machinery to medical equipment, and can be connected to computers for automation and optimization. Portable versions are also available for on-the-go reading.
A digital voltmeter is a device used by many electricians and mechanical manufacturers to measure the relative output voltage of various electronic appliances. Most electronic devices receive energy through a series of voltage currents flowing through them. These can be negatively or positively charged and usually must exist in balance with each other for the product to be safe for humans to touch and interact with. Voltage problems can cause burns and electric shock, as well as product malfunction and “melting”. Manufacturers often use voltmeters before their products are completed to be sure they comply with applicable laws and product codes, and larger appliances such as generators often have these devices built into their control panels so owners can keep track of energy currents during operation. Portable models are popular with electricians and repair personnel who need to understand how a device is processing energy before installing or working with it. The digital versions are generally considered superior to the older analog models, although both function in much the same way; the biggest difference is usually how the output is translated and displayed.
Basic purpose
Voltmeters are used to measure the voltage gain or loss between two points in a circuit and capture both alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) outputs. Digital models, sometimes called DVMs, are electronic and usually considered more modern and advanced than their older analog counterparts, but they have the same basic goals and functionality, which is to display a reading of measurements at various intervals. Understanding voltage is really important for anyone doing electrical work, but volts, like electric currents themselves, can’t actually be seen with the eyes. Using a digital tool is a quick and efficient way to make sure everything is working as it should, as well as diagnose problems.
How do they work
Most voltmeters are relatively simple when it comes to basic construction. They are usually on the small side and consist of a basic circuit and two lead wires that need to be connected to whatever is being tested. The positive terminal of the meter should be connected closest to the power supply and the negative terminal should be connected after the circuit under test.
A digital voltmeter typically consists of an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter with a digital display. Originally, nearly all of these types of devices were “analog,” which basically means they used some form of physical quality to measure reading, usually a dial and arrow. Digital versions typically output a number or percentage on an electronic screen. In most cases though, the two work the same way when it comes to actually reading voltage.
Comparison with analog models
One of the first things a digital device will do is convert analog into a digital code that is proportionate to the size of the signal. Voltages from picovolts to megavolts are measurable, although the scale usually graduates to millivolts, volts, or kilovolts. Frequencies between zero and several megahertz can also be measured.
Digital devices have several advantages over their analog counterparts. The most obvious benefit is the ease of use when reading the digital display. Electrical amplifiers and attenuators extend measurable ranges, and a digital model has higher resolution and higher order accuracy to within plus or minus 0.5%. Also indicates a negative amount when polarity is reversed. Analog meters are more fragile and tend to be more susceptible to damage.
Fixed units
Many larger devices actually have hardwired DVMs, usually to their control panels. Many DVMs integrate outputs for monitoring, control, data transmission and printing. Some of the more common laboratory and commercial applications include electromechanical machinery with current flowing through wires and circuits, generators, and medical equipment such as X-ray machines. In all of these cases, the instrument helps technicians quickly verify that the voltage of the equipment is within the correct and safe range.
Advanced systems are often connected to computers, allowing for automation, optimization of processes and prevention of malfunctions and safety in case of critical failures. Chemical plants can convert measurements to voltage and control and monitor temperature, pressure, level or flow. Repair personnel and other operators can also use the readings diagnostically, often to identify problems before they become too serious.
Portable options
Electricians and other electronics experts sometimes carry portable versions that can plug into larger appliances for more on-the-go reading. Auto mechanics also often use specialized voltmeter devices to check car batteries. Portable or portable devices, like the digital multimeter (DMM), for example, can combine several functions into a single tool; many can measure not only voltage, but also current and resistance. This sort of thing is important to know before starting any repairs or taking apart any device, and can also be used to diagnose problems as a stationary voltmeter might.
