Dry scrubbers remove acid gases from combustion sources by firing dry ingredients at high velocity into the gases to neutralize pollutants. The process occurs in three stages: gas cooling, reagent injection, and filtration. Dry scrubbers are used in industries harmful to the environment, and their popularity is likely to increase if studies show they reduce greenhouse gases.
Purifying ambient air is a difficult but necessary part of modern industrial activity. This cleaning task is traditionally performed by a pollution control device called a wet scrubber, but dry scrubbers are required in some cases. The primary function of the dry scrubber is to remove acid gases from combustion sources. This is accomplished by firing a series of dry ingredients at high velocity into the gases to neutralize pollutants. This occurs in three stages: the gas cooling system, the reagent injection and the filtration system.
The gas cooling system of a dry scrubber is an important first step in preparing the exhaust gases for the environment. Cooling an emission gas facilitates the removal of pollutants and toxins from the gas. This is achieved by diluting the air, using an evaporative cooler, boiler or heat exchanger. Each is used in different industries and on different types of flue gases. Regardless of how the air scrubber cools the gas, it is an essential component in preparing for reagent injection.
The reagent injection system of a dry scrubber is where detoxification takes place. During this stage, various ingredients are mixed to purify the air. Hydrated lime and baking soda are two commonly used items due to their acid-reducing qualities. These powders are mixed into a slurry and small droplets are sprayed into the air stream or the dry ingredients alone are cooked under high pressure in the flue gas. The basic chemical composition of these ingredients counteracts the acidity of the gas and leaves cleaner air for the room.
The filter cloth system captures the spent hydrated lime or sodium bicarbonate as the purged gas passes out into the environment. The filter creates a cake-like substance that has absorbed much of the toxicity. Many times, these items can be cleaned and reused for dry cleaning, but often need to be disposed of when they can’t be washed properly. These pie-like collections contain hazardous material and must be handled by waste specialists.
Dry cleaning has been adopted by many industries, typically those that are targeted for being harmful to the environment. From wastewater treatment plants to boilers to municipal waste incinerators, these systems are found all over the world. If studies continue to show that these devices have been linked to successful drops in greenhouse gases, their popularity is likely to increase.
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